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The Journal of Neuroscience, June 15, 2002, 22(12):5074-5080
Brain Regions Controlling Nonsynergistic versus Synergistic Movement of the Digits: a Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study
H. Henrik Ehrsson1, 2, Johann P. Kuhtz-Buschbeck1, 3, and Hans Forssberg1 1 Motor Control Laboratory, Department of Woman and Child Health, and 2 Division of Human Brain Research, Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden, and 3 Institute of Physiology, Christian-Albrechts University, D 24098 Kiel, Germany
Human hand dexterity depends on the ability to move digits independently and to combine these movements in various coordinative patterns. It is well established that the primary motor cortex (M1) is important for skillful digit actions but less is known about the role played by the nonprimary motor centers. Here we use functional magnetic resonance imaging to examine the hypothesis that nonprimary motor areas and the posterior parietal cortex are strongly activated when healthy humans move the right digits in a skillful coordination pattern involving relatively independent digit movements. A task in which flexion of the thumb is accompanied by extension of the fingers and vice versa, i.e., a learned "nonsynergistic" coordination pattern, is contrasted with a task in which all digits flex and extend simultaneously in an innate synergistic coordination pattern (opening and closing the fist). The motor output is the same in the two conditions. Thus, the difference when contrasting the nonsynergistic and synergistic tasks represents the requirement to fractionate the movements of the thumb and fingers and to combine these movements in a learned coordinative pattern. The supplementary (and cingulate) motor area, the bilateral dorsal premotor area, the bilateral lateral cerebellum, the bilateral cortices of the postcentral sulcus, and the left intraparietal cortex showed stronger activity when the subjects made the nonsynergistic flexion-extension movements of the digits than when the synergistic movements were made. These results suggest that the human neural substrate for skillful digit movement includes a sensorimotor network of nonprimary frontoparietal areas and the cerebellum that, in conjunction with M1, control the movements of the digits.
Key words: supplementary motor area; premotor cortex; cerebellum; posterior parietal cortex; manual dexterity; hand posture
Copyright © 2002 Society for Neuroscience 0270-6474/02/22125074-07$05.00/0
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