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The Journal of Neuroscience, June 15, 2002, 22(12):5100-5107
µ-Opioid Receptor-Mediated Antinociceptive Responses Differ in
Men and Women
Jon-Kar
Zubieta1, 2,
Yolanda R.
Smith3,
Joshua
A.
Bueller1,
Yanjun
Xu1,
Michael R.
Kilbourn2,
Douglas M.
Jewett2,
Charles R.
Meyer2,
Robert A.
Koeppe2, and
Christian S.
Stohler4
1 Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health Research
Institute, Departments of 2 Radiology and
3 Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, and
4 Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, School of
Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
Sex differences in the experience of clinical and experimental pain
have been reported. However, the neurobiological sources underlying the
variability in pain responses between sexes have not been adequately
explored, especially in humans. The endogenous opioid neurotransmitters
and µ-opioid receptors are centrally implicated in responses to
stress, in the suppression of pain, and in the action of opiate
analgesic drugs. Here we examined sex differences in the activation of
the µ-opioid system in response to an intensity-controlled sustained
deep-tissue pain challenge with positron emission tomography and a
µ-opioid receptor-selective radiotracer. Twenty-eight young healthy
volunteers (14 men and 14 women) were studied during saline control and
pain conditions using a double-blind, randomized, and counterbalanced
design. Women were scanned during the early follicular phase of their menstrual cycles after ovulatory cycles. Significant sex differences in
the regional activation of the µ-opioid system in response to
sustained pain were detected compared with saline controls. Men
demonstrated larger magnitudes of µ-opioid system activation than
women in the anterior thalamus, ventral basal ganglia, and amygdala.
Conversely, women demonstrated reductions in the basal state of
activation of the µ-opioid system during pain in the nucleus
accumbens, an area previously associated with hyperalgesic responses to
the blockade of opioid receptors in experimental animals. These data
demonstrate that at matched levels of pain intensity, men and women
during their follicular phase differ in the magnitude and direction of
response of the µ-opioid system in distinct brain nuclei.
Key words:
µ-opioid receptors; endogenous opioids; pain; sex
differences; positron emission tomography; thalamus; nucleus accumbens; ventral pallidum; substantia innominata; amygdala
Copyright © 2002 Society for Neuroscience 0270-6474/02/22125100-08$05.00/0
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