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The Journal of Neuroscience, July 1, 2002, 22(13):5442-5451
A Third Vesicular Glutamate Transporter Expressed by Cholinergic
and Serotoninergic Neurons
Christelle
Gras1, 2, *,
Etienne
Herzog1, *,
Gian
Carlo
Bellenchi2,
Véronique
Bernard3,
Philippe
Ravassard4,
Michel
Pohl5,
Bruno
Gasnier2,
Bruno
Giros1, and
Salah
El
Mestikawy1
1 Faculté de Médecine, Institut National de
la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)
Unité 513, 94010 Créteil Cedex, France,
2 Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Centre National de
la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Unité Propre de Recherche 1929, 75005 Paris, France, 3 CNRS Unité Mixte de Recherche
(UMR) 5541, Université Bordeaux 2, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France,
4 CNRS UMR 7091, Hôpital
Pitié-Salpétrière, 75013 Paris, France, and
5 Faculté de Médecine Pitié
Salpétrière, INSERM Unité 288, 75013 Paris,
France
Two proteins previously known as Na+-dependent
phosphate transporters have been identified recently as vesicular
glutamate transporters (VGLUT1 and VGLUT2). Together, VGLUT1 and VGLUT2 are operating at most central glutamatergic synapses. In this study, we
characterized a third vesicular glutamate transporter (VGLUT3), highly
homologous to VGLUT1 and VGLUT2. Vesicles isolated from endocrine cells
expressing recombinant VGLUT3 accumulated L-glutamate with
bioenergetic and pharmacological characteristics similar, but not
identical, to those displayed by the type-1 and type-2 isoforms.
Interestingly, the distribution of VGLUT3 mRNA was restricted to a
small number of neurons scattered in the striatum, hippocampus,
cerebral cortex, and raphe nuclei, in contrast to VGLUT1 and VGLUT2
transcripts, which are massively expressed in cortical and deep
structures of the brain, respectively. At the ultrastructural level,
VGLUT3 immunoreactivity was concentrated over synaptic vesicle clusters
present in nerve endings forming asymmetrical as well as symmetrical
synapses. Finally, VGLUT3-positive neurons of the striatum and raphe
nuclei were shown to coexpress acetylcholine and serotonin
transporters, respectively. Our study reveals a novel class of
glutamatergic nerve terminals and suggests that cholinergic striatal
interneurons and serotoninergic neurons from the brainstem may store
and release glutamate.
Key words:
glutamate; VGLUT3; neurotransmitter
transporter; synaptic vesicle; excitatory
neurotransmission; brain
*
C.G. and E.H. contributed equally to this work.
Copyright © 2002 Society for Neuroscience 0270-6474/02/22135442-10$05.00/0
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