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The Journal of Neuroscience, July 1, 2002, 22(13):5769-5776
µ-Opioid Receptors: Ligand-Dependent Activation of Potassium
Conductance, Desensitization, and Internalization
Veronica A.
Alvarez1, *,
Seksiri
Arttamangkul2, *,
Vu
Dang1, 2,
Abdallah
Salem1, 3,
Jennifer L.
Whistler4,
Mark
von
Zastrow5,
David K.
Grandy2, and
John T.
Williams1
1 Vollum Institute and 2 Department of
Physiology and Pharmacology, Oregon Health and Sciences University,
Portland, Oregon 97201, 3 Department of Clinical and
Experimental Pharmacology, Adelaide University, Adelaide SA 5005, Australia, 4 Ernest Gallo Clinic and Research Center,
Emeryville, California 94608, and 5 Departments of
Psychiatry and Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of
California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143
µ-Opioid receptor (MOR) desensitization and endocytosis have been
implicated in tolerance and dependence to opioids. The efficiency of
each process is known to be agonist dependent; however, it is not known
what determines the relative efficiency of various agonists at either
process. In the present study, homologous MOR desensitization in locus
ceruleus (LC) neurons and MOR internalization in HEK293 cells
were examined using a series of agonists. The results show that the
rank order of this series of agonists was different when comparing the
magnitude of hyperpolarization and the ability to cause desensitization
in LC neurons. Endocytosis of MOR was also examined in HEK293 cells
using the same agonists. The relative ability to cause endocytosis in
HEK293 cells correlated with the degree of desensitization in LC cells.
This strong correlation suggests that the two processes are closely
linked. The results also suggest that agonist efficacy is not
necessarily a predictor of the ability to cause MOR desensitization or
endocytosis. Identification and characterization of the biophysical
properties of agonists that favor desensitization and internalization
of receptors will lead to a better understanding of opioid signaling.
Key words:
opioids; locus ceruleus; homologous desensitization; endocytosis; electrophysiology; imaging
*
V.A.A. and S.A. contributed equally to this work.
Copyright © 2002 Society for Neuroscience 0270-6474/02/22135769-08$05.00/0
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