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The Journal of Neuroscience, July 15, 2002, 22(14):5955-5965
Mapping the Binding Site of the Neuroprotectant Ifenprodil on
NMDA Receptors
Florent
Perin-Dureau,
Julie
Rachline,
Jacques
Neyton, and
Pierre
Paoletti
Laboratoire de Neurobiologie, Centre National de la Recherche
Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8544, Ecole Normale
Supérieure, 75005 Paris, France
Ifenprodil is a noncompetitive antagonist of NMDA receptors highly
selective for the NMDA receptor 2B (NR2B) subunit. It is widely used as
a pharmacological tool to discriminate subpopulations of NMDA
receptors, and derivatives are currently being developed as candidate
neuroprotectants. Despite numerous studies on the mechanism of action
of ifenprodil on NMDA receptors, the structural determinants
responsible for the subunit selectivity have not been identified. By
combining functional studies on recombinant NMDA receptors and
biochemical studies on isolated domains, we now show that ifenprodil
binds to the N-terminal leucine/isoleucine/valine-binding protein
(LIVBP)-like domain of NR2B. In this domain, several residues, both
hydrophilic and hydrophobic, were found to control ifenprodil inhibition. Their location in a modeled three-dimensional structure suggests that ifenprodil binds in the cleft of the LIVBP-like domain of
NR2B by a mechanism (Venus-flytrap) resembling that of the binding of
Zn on the LIVBP-like domain of NR2A. These results reinforce the
proposal that the LIVBP-like domains of NMDA receptors, and possibly of
other ionotropic glutamate receptors, bind modulatory ligands.
Moreover, they identify the LIVBP-like domain of the NR2B subunit as a
promising therapeutic target and provide a framework for designing
structurally novel NR2B-selective antagonists.
Key words:
glutamate receptors; NMDA; ifenprodil; phenylethanolamine; LIVBP; neuroprotection
Copyright © 2002 Society for Neuroscience 0270-6474/02/22145955-11$05.00/0
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