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The Journal of Neuroscience, July 15, 2002, 22(14):6083-6091

Purified Adult Ensheathing Glia Fail to Myelinate Axons under Culture Conditions that Enable Schwann Cells to Form Myelin

Giles W. Plant¹, Paul F. Currier¹, Ernesto P. Cuervo¹, Margaret L. Bates¹, Yelena Pressman¹, Mary Bartlett Bunge^{2, 3}, and Patrick M. Wood²

¹ The Chambers Family Electron Microscopy Laboratory, The Miami Project To Cure Paralysis, and Departments of ² Neurological Surgery and ³ Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136

Several studies have suggested that olfactory ensheathing glia (EG) can form Schwann cell (SC)-like myelin. Because of possible misinterpretation attributable to contaminating SCs, the capacity of EG to produce myelin needs to be explored further. Therefore, we compared the abilities of adult EG, purified by immunopanning with p75 antibody, and adult SCs to produce myelin when cocultured with purified dorsal root ganglion neurons (DRGNs) in serum-free and serum-containing media. In both media formulations, the number of myelin sheaths in SC/DRGN cultures was far higher than in EG/DRGN cultures; the number of sheaths in EG/DRGN cultures was equal to that in purified DRGN cultures without added cells. The latter result demonstrates that myelination by a few SCs remaining in purified DRGN cultures may occur, suggesting that myelin in EG/DRGN cultures could be SC myelin. Striking differences in the relationship of EG and SC processes to axons were observed. Whereas SCs displayed relatively short, thick processes that engulfed axons in small bundles or in individual cytoplasmic furrows and segregated larger axons into one-to-one relationships, EG extended flattened sheets that partitioned or only partially encircled fascicles of axons, sometimes spanning the entire culture. SCs exhibited behavior typical of SCs in peripheral nerves, whereas EG exhibited characteristics resembling those of EG in olfactory nerves. In sum, p75-selected EG from adult animals did not exhibit an SC-like relationship to axons and did not form myelin.

Key words: neuron-glia coculture; Schwann cells; olfactory bulb; olfactory ensheathing glia; myelination; ascorbate; glial plasticity

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Copyright © 2002 Society for Neuroscience  0270-6474/02/22146083-09$05.00/0

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