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The Journal of Neuroscience, September 15, 2002, 22(18):8028-8033
Distribution of Cystine/Glutamate Exchange Transporter, System
xc , in the Mouse Brain
Hideyo
Sato1,
Michiko
Tamba1,
Suzuka
Okuno1,
Kanako
Sato1,
Kazuko
Keino-Masu2, 3,
Masayuki
Masu2, and
Shiro
Bannai1
Departments of 1 Biochemistry and
2 Molecular Neurobiology, Institute of Basic Medical
Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan, and
3 Department of Physiology, National Defense Medical
College, Namiki, Saitama 359-8513, Japan
Mammalian cells express a transport system known as system
xc , which is an exchange agency
specific for anionic forms of cystine and glutamate. System
xc activity is important to maintain
both intracellular glutathione levels and the redox balance between
cystine and cysteine in the extracellular milieu. We have shown that
the cloned cDNAs encoding the transporter for system
xc consist of two components, xCT and
the heavy chain of 4F2 antigen. In the present study, we have
investigated the mRNA distribution for these components in the mouse
brain by in situ hybridization. The xCT mRNA was
expressed in the area postrema, subfornical organ, habenular nucleus,
hypothalamic area, and ependymal cells of the lateral wall of the third
ventricle in the adult mouse brain. A strong signal was also detected
in the meninges in both adult and fetal mouse brains. The mRNA
expression of the heavy chain of 4F2 antigen was detected in a more
broad area, including all of the regions in which xCT mRNA was
detected. These data are compatible with our biochemical evidence that
xCT functions in combination with the heavy chain of 4F2 antigen to
elicit system xc activity. The
expression of system xc in meninges
and some circumventricular organs may suggest that this transporter
contributes to the maintenance of the redox state (i.e.,
cysteine/cystine ratio) in the CSF.
Key words:
system xc; cystine; glutamate; glutathione; amino acid transport; CSF; circumventricular
organ
Copyright © 2002 Society for Neuroscience 0270-6474/02/22188028-06$05.00/0
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