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The Journal of Neuroscience, October 1, 2002, 22(19):8633-8646
Circuits for Local and Global Signal Integration in Primary
Visual Cortex
Alessandra
Angelucci1,
Jonathan B.
Levitt2,
Emma
J. S.
Walton3,
Jean-Michel
Hupé4,
Jean
Bullier4, and
Jennifer S.
Lund1
1 Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Moran
Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84132, 2 Department of Biology, City College of the City
University of New York, New York, New York 10031, 3 Department of Visual Sciences, Institute of
Ophthalmology, University College London, London EC1V 9EL, United
Kingdom, and 4 Centre de Recherche Cerveau et Cognition,
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Unité Propre de
Recherche Unité Mixte de Recherche 5549, Université
Paul Sabatier, Toulouse 31062, France
Contrast-dependent changes in spatial summation and contextual
modulation of primary visual cortex (V1) neuron responses to stimulation of their receptive field reveal long-distance integration of visual signals within V1, well beyond the classical receptive field
(cRF) of single neurons. To identify the cortical circuits mediating
these long-distance computations, we have used a combination of
anatomical and physiological recording methods to determine the spatial
scale and retinotopic logic of intra-areal V1 horizontal connections
and inter-areal feedback connections to V1. We have then compared the
spatial scales of these connectional systems to the spatial dimensions
of the cRF, spatial summation field (SF), and modulatory surround field
of macaque V1 neurons. We find that monosynaptic horizontal connections
within area V1 are of an appropriate spatial scale to mediate
interactions within the SF of V1 neurons and to underlie
contrast-dependent changes in SF size. Contrary to common beliefs,
these connections cannot fully account for the dimensions of the
surround field. The spatial scale of feedback circuits from
extrastriate cortex to V1 is, instead, commensurate with the full
spatial range of center-surround interactions. Thus these connections
could represent an anatomical substrate for contextual modulation and
global-to-local integration of visual signals. Feedback projections
connect corresponding and equal-sized regions of the visual field in
striate and extrastriate cortices and cover anisotropic parts of visual
space, unlike V1 horizontal connections that are isotropic in the
macaque. V1 isotropic connectivity demonstrates that anisotropic
horizontal connections are not necessary to generate orientation
selectivity. Anisotropic feedback connections may play a role in
contour completion.
Key words:
primary visual cortex; extrastriate cortex; feedback
connections; lateral connections; surround modulation; macaque
Copyright © 2002 Society for Neuroscience 0270-6474/02/22198633-14$05.00/0
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