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The Journal of Neuroscience, October 1, 2002, 22(19):8691-8704

Model of Thalamocortical Slow-Wave Sleep Oscillations and Transitions to Activated States

Maxim Bazhenov1, Igor Timofeev2, Mircea Steriade2, and Terrence J. Sejnowski1, 3

1 The Salk Institute, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Computational Neurobiology Laboratory, La Jolla, California 92037, 2 Laboratory of Neurophysiology, School of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, Canada G1K 7P4, and 3 Department of Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093

During natural slow-wave sleep (SWS) in nonanesthetized cats, silent (down) states alternate with active (up) states; the down states are absent during rapid-eye-movement sleep and waking. Oscillations (<1 Hz) in SWS and transformation to an activated awake state were investigated with intracellular recordings in vivo and with computational models of the corticothalamic system. Occasional summation of the miniature EPSPs during the hyperpolarized (silent) phase of SWS oscillation activated the persistent sodium current and depolarized the membrane of cortical pyramidal (PY) cells sufficiently for spike generation. In the model, this triggered the active phase, which was maintained by lateral PY-PY excitation and persistent sodium current. Progressive depression of the excitatory interconnections and activation of Ca2+-dependent K+ current led to termination of the 20-25 Hz activity after 500-1000 msec. Including thalamocortical (TC) and thalamic reticular neurons in the model increased the duration of the active epochs up to 1-1.5 sec and introduced waning spindle sequences. An increase in acetylcholine activity, which is associated with activated states, was modeled by the reduction in the K+ leak current in PY and TC cells and by a decrease in intracortical PY-PY synaptic conductances. These changes eliminated the hyperpolarizing phases of network activity and transformed cortical neurons to tonic firing at 15-20 Hz. During the transition from SWS to the activated state, the input resistance of cortical neurons gradually increased and, in a fully activated state, reached the same or even higher values as during silent phases of SWS oscillations. The model describes many essential features of SWS and activated states in the thalamocortical system as well as the transition between them.

Key words: slow-wave sleep; waking; thalamus; cortex; sensory input; input resistance; network model


Copyright © 2002 Society for Neuroscience  0270-6474/02/22198691-14$05.00/0


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