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The Journal of Neuroscience, November 1, 2002, 22(21):9287-9297
Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I Blocks Bcl-2 Interacting Mediator of
Cell Death (Bim) Induction and Intrinsic Death Signaling in Cerebellar
Granule Neurons
Daniel A.
Linseman,
Reid A.
Phelps,
Ron J.
Bouchard,
Shoshona S.
Le,
Tracey A.
Laessig,
Maria L.
McClure, and
Kim A.
Heidenreich
Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Health Sciences
Center and the Denver Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Denver, Colorado
80262
Cerebellar granule neurons depend on insulin-like growth factor-I
(IGF-I) for their survival. However, the mechanism underlying the
neuroprotective effects of IGF-I is presently unclear. Here we show
that IGF-I protects granule neurons by suppressing key elements of the
intrinsic (mitochondrial) death pathway. IGF-I blocked activation of
the executioner caspase-3 and the intrinsic initiator caspase-9 in
primary cerebellar granule neurons deprived of serum and depolarizing
potassium. IGF-I inhibited cytochrome c release from
mitochondria and prevented its redistribution to neuronal processes.
The effects of IGF-I on cytochrome c release were not
mediated by blockade of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore,
because IGF-I failed to inhibit mitochondrial swelling or
depolarization. In contrast, IGF-I blocked induction of the BH3-only
Bcl-2 family member, Bim (Bcl-2 interacting mediator of cell death), a
mediator of Bax-dependent cytochrome c release. The
suppression of Bim expression by IGF-I did not involve inhibition of
the c-Jun transcription factor. Instead, IGF-I prevented activation of
the forkhead family member, FKHRL1, another transcriptional regulator
of Bim. Finally, adenoviral-mediated expression of dominant-negative AKT activated FKHRL1 and induced expression of Bim. These data suggest
that IGF-I signaling via AKT promotes survival of cerebellar granule
neurons by blocking the FKHRL1-dependent transcription of Bim, a
principal effector of the intrinsic death-signaling cascade.
Key words:
insulin-like growth factor; cerebellar granule neuron; apoptosis; mitochondria; Bim; forkhead transcription factor
Copyright © 2002 Society for Neuroscience 0270-6474/02/22219287-11$05.00/0
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