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The Journal of Neuroscience, November 1, 2002, 22(21):9430-9444
Neuronal Activity Regulates Correlated Network Properties of
Spontaneous Calcium Transients in Astrocytes In Situ
Fernando
Aguado*,
Juan F.
Espinosa-Parrilla*,
María A.
Carmona, and
Eduardo
Soriano
Department of Cell Biology and Barcelona Science Park, University
of Barcelona, Barcelona E-08028, Spain
Spontaneous neuronal activity is essential to neural development.
Until recently, neurons were believed to be the only excitable cells to
display spontaneous activity. However, cultured astrocytes and, more
recently, astrocytes in situ are now known to exhibit spontaneous Ca2+ transients. Here we used
Ca2+ imaging of astrocytes from transgenic mice for
the simultaneous monitoring of [Ca2+]i
changes in large numbers of astrocytes. We found that spontaneous activity is a common property of most brain astrocytes that is lost in
response to a lesion. These spontaneous
[Ca2+]i oscillations require
extracellular and intracellular Ca2+. Moreover,
network analysis revealed that most astrocytes formed correlated
networks of dozens of these cells, which were synchronous with both
astrocytes and neurons. We found that decreasing spontaneous [Ca2+]i transients in neurons by TTX
does not alter the number of active astrocytes, although it impairs
their synchronous network activity. Conversely, bicuculline-induced
epileptic patterns of [Ca2+]i
transients in neurons cause an increase in the number of active astrocytes and in their network synchrony. Furthermore, activation of
non-NMDA and NMDA ionotropic glutamate receptors is required to
correlate astrocytic networks. These results show that spontaneous activity in astrocytes and neurons is patterned into correlated neuronal/astrocytic networks in which neuronal activity regulates the
network properties of astrocytes. This network activity may be
essential for neural development and synaptic plasticity.
Key words:
astrocyte; calcium; epilepsy; correlated networks; GFAP/GFP mice; glutamate receptors; injury; spontaneous activity; synchrony
*
F.A. and J.F.E.-P. contributed equally to this work.
Copyright © 2002 Society for Neuroscience 0270-6474/02/22219430-15$05.00/0
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