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The Journal of Neuroscience, November 1, 2002, 22(21):9530-9540

Middle Temporal Visual Area Microstimulation Influences Veridical Judgments of Motion Direction

M. James Nichols and William T. Newsome

Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305

Microstimulation of direction columns in the middle temporal visual area (MT, or V5) provides a powerful tool for probing the relationship between cortical physiology and visual motion perception. In the current study we obtained "veridical" reports of perceived motion from rhesus monkeys by permitting a continuous range of possible responses that mapped isomorphically onto a continuous range of possible motion directions. In contrast to previous studies, therefore, the animals were freed from experimenter-imposed "categories" that typify forced choice tasks. We report three new findings: (1) MT neurons with widely disparate preferred directions can cooperate to shape direction estimates, inconsistent with a pure "winner-take-all" read-out algorithm and consistent with a distributed coding scheme like vector averaging, whereas neurons with nearly opposite preferred directions seem to compete in a manner consistent with the winner-take-all hypothesis, (2) microstimulation can influence direction estimates even when paired with the most powerful motion stimuli available, and (3) microstimulation effects can be elicited when a manual response (instead of our standard oculomotor response) is used to communicate the perceptual report.

Key words: motion perception; microstimulation; area MT; psychophysics; monkey; vector averaging; distributed code; neural coding

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Copyright © 2002 Society for Neuroscience  0270-6474/02/22219530-11$05.00/0

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