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The Journal of Neuroscience, November 15, 2002, 22(22):10053-10065

A Synaptic Explanation of Suppression in Visual Cortex

Matteo Carandini¹, David J Heeger², and Walter Senn³

¹ Institute of Neuroinformatics, University of Zurich and Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland, ² Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, and ³ Institute of Physiology, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland

The responses of neurons in the primary visual cortex (V1) are suppressed by mask stimuli that do not elicit responses if presented alone. This suppression is widely believed to be mediated by intracortical inhibition. As an alternative, we propose that it can be explained by thalamocortical synaptic depression. This explanation correctly predicts that suppression is monocular, immune to cortical adaptation, and occurs for mask stimuli that elicit responses in the thalamus but not in the cortex. Depression also explains other phenomena previously ascribed to intracortical inhibition. It explains why responses saturate at high stimulus contrast, whereas selectivity for orientation and spatial frequency is invariant with contrast. It explains why transient responses to flashed stimuli are nonlinear, whereas spatial summation is primarily linear. These results suggest that the very first synapses into the cortex, and not the cortical network, may account for important response properties of V1 neurons.

Key words: suppression; masking; depression; inhibition; cortex; thalamus; orientation; contrast

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Copyright © 2002 Society for Neuroscience  0270-6474/02/222210053-13$05.00/0

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