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The Journal of Neuroscience, November 15, 2002, 22(22):9912-9921
Mechanisms of Amygdala Modulation of Hippocampal Plasticity
Irit
Akirav and
Gal
Richter-Levin
Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Department of Psychology,
University of Haifa, Haifa 31905, Israel
Basolateral amygdala (BLA) activation by emotional arousal
modulates memory-related processes in the hippocampus. We have shown
(Akirav and Richter-Levin, 1999b) that activating the BLA before
perforant path (PP) tetanization has a biphasic effect on hippocampal
plasticity; priming the BLA immediately before PP tetanization results
in the enhancement of dentate gyrus (DG) long-term potentiation (LTP)
(an "emotional tag"), whereas stimulation in a spaced interval
results in the suppression of DG-LTP. Here, we aimed to elucidate the
mechanisms underlying BLA modulation of DG-LTP and specifically to
examine whether the stress hormones norepinephrine (NE) and
corticosterone (CORT) are main mediators of the BLA biphasic effects.
We found that the BLA affects hippocampal plasticity in a
complex manner; BLA priming enhanced DG-LTP, and both NE and
CORT mediated this effect. Furthermore, we found that ipsilateral BLA
spaced activation (2 hr before PP tetanization) suppressed DG-LTP and
that this suppressive effect was also mediated by NE and CORT. Priming
the contralateral BLA enhanced DG-LTP similarly to the ipsilateral
enhancement, but neither NE nor CORT mediated this effect. The spaced
activation of the contralateral BLA did not suppress DG-LTP. Taken
together, these results suggest that differential mechanisms underlie
the ipsilateral and contralateral BLA effects on hippocampal plasticity.
Hence, the BLA modulates hippocampal memory processes, presumably via
the mediation of the stress hormones NE and CORT, to establish a
diverse memory of the experience. Possibly, at the onset of an
emotional event the stress hormones permissively mediate plasticity.
However, their prolonged presence in the system may suppress the
cognitive response to stress.
Key words:
long-term potentiation; plasticity; basolateral amygdala; central amygdala; hippocampus; dentate gyrus; norepinephrine; glucocorticoids; corticosterone; serotonin; ipsilateral; contralateral
Copyright © 2002 Society for Neuroscience 0270-6474/02/22229912-10$05.00/0
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