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The Journal of Neuroscience, December 1, 2002, 22(23):10116-10122
Long-Term Potentiation in Hippocampus Involves Sequential
Activation of Soluble Guanylate Cyclase, cGMP-Dependent Protein Kinase,
and cGMP-Degrading Phosphodiesterase
Pilar
Monfort,
María-Dolores
Muñoz,
Elena
Kosenko, and
Vicente
Felipo
Instituto de Investigaciones Citológicas, Fundación
Valenciana de Investigaciones Biomédicas, 46010, Valencia, Spain
Previous studies indicate that cGMP is involved in long-term
potentiation (LTP). However, the effects of application of tetanus to
induce LTP on cGMP content and the mechanisms by which cGMP may
modulate LTP have not been reported. The aim of this work was to study
the time course of the changes in cGMP content and of the activity of
soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) (the enzyme that synthesizes cGMP)
during LTP. Moreover, we also studied how the changes in cGMP affect
cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG) and cGMP-degrading
phosphodiesterase and the possible role of these changes in LTP.
Application of tetanus induced a rise in cGMP, reaching a maximum 10 sec after tetanus. cGMP content decreased below basal levels 5 min
after tetanus and remained decreased after 60 min. Activity of sGC
increased 5 min after tetanus and returned to basal at 60 min. Tetanus
increased the activity of cGMP-degrading phosphodiesterase at 5 and 60 min. GMP, the product of degradation, was increased at 5 and 60 min.
Activation of phosphodiesterase and a decrease in cGMP were
prevented by inhibiting PKG with Rp-8-bromoguanosine-cGMPS (Rp-8-Br-cGMPS). Inhibition of sGC [with ODQ (oxadiazolo
quinoxalin-1-one) or NS 2028 (4H-8-bromo-1,2,4-oxadiazolo(3,4-d)benz(b)(1,4)oxazin-1-one)], of PKG (with Rp-8-Br-cGMPS), or of cGMP-degrading phosphodiesterase [with zaprinast or MBAM
(4-{[3',4'-(methylenedioxy)benzyl]amino}-6-methoxyquinazoline) ] impairs LTP. The results indicate that induction of LTP involves transient activation of sGC and an increase in cGMP, followed by
activation of cGMP-dependent protein kinase, which, in turn, activates
cGMP-degrading phosphodiesterase, resulting in long-lasting reduction
of cGMP content.
Key words:
cGMP; soluble guanylate cyclase; phosphodiesterase; cGMP-dependent protein kinase; nitric oxide; long-term potentiation; NMDA receptors
Copyright © 2002 Society for Neuroscience 0270-6474/02/222310116-07$05.00/0
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