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The Journal of Neuroscience, December 15, 2002, 22(24):10613-10620

An Essential Component in Steroid Synthesis, the Steroidogenic Acute Regulatory Protein, Is Expressed in Discrete Regions of the Brain

Steven R. King^{1, 2, 3}, Pulak R. Manna⁴, Tomohiro Ishii⁶, Peter J. Syapin⁵, Stephen D. Ginsberg⁷, Kevin Wilson⁴, Lance P. Walsh⁴, Keith L. Parker⁶, Douglas M. Stocco⁴, Roy G. Smith^{2, 3}, and Dolores J. Lamb^{1, 3}

¹ Scott Department of Urology, ² Huffington Center on Aging, and ³ Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, Departments of ⁴ Cell Biology and Biochemistry and ⁵ Pharmacology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas 79430, ⁶ Departments of Internal Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, and ⁷ Center for Dementia Research, Nathan Kline Institute, New York University School of Medicine, Orangeburg, New York 10962

Recent data implicate locally produced steroids, termed neurosteroids, as regulators of neuronal function. Adrenal and gonadal steroidogenesis is controlled by changes in the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR); however, little is known about the regulation of neurosteroid production. We now demonstrate unequivocally that StAR mRNA and protein are expressed within glia and neurons in discrete regions of the mouse brain, and that glial StAR expression is inducible. Consistent with a role in de novo neurosteroidogenesis, StAR colocalizes with the cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme P450_scc in both mouse and human brains. These data support a role for StAR in the production of neurosteroids and identify potential sites of active de novo steroid synthesis in the brain.

Key words: neurosteroid; steroidogenic acute regulatory protein; P450_scc; steroidogenesis; cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme; StAR

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Copyright © 2002 Society for Neuroscience  0270-6474/02/222410613-08$05.00/0

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