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The Journal of Neuroscience, December 15, 2002, 22(24):10690-10698
Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and the Unfolded Protein Response in
Cellular Models of Parkinson's Disease
Elizabeth J.
Ryu1, 2,
Heather P.
Harding3,
James
M.
Angelastro1,
Ottavio V.
Vitolo1,
David
Ron3, and
Lloyd A.
Greene1
1 Department of Pathology, Center for Neurobiology and
Behavior, Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the
Aging Brain, and 2 Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia
University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York
10032, and 3 Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine,
New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016
6-Hydroxydopamine, 1-methyl-4-phenyl-pyridinium
(MPP+), and rotenone cause the death of dopaminergic
neurons in vitro and in vivo and are
widely used to model Parkinson's disease. To identify regulated genes
in such models, we performed serial analysis of gene expression on
neuronal PC12 cells exposed to 6-hydroxydopamine. This revealed a
striking increase in transcripts associated with the unfolded protein
response. Immunoblotting confirmed phosphorylation of the key
endoplasmic reticulum stress kinases IRE1 and PERK (PKR-like ER
kinase) and induction of their downstream targets. There was a
similar response to MPP+ and rotenone, but not to
other apoptotic initiators. As evidence that endoplasmic
reticulum stress contributes to neuronal death, sympathetic neurons
from PERK null mice in which the capacity to respond to
endoplasmic reticulum stress is compromised were more sensitive
to 6-hydroxydopamine. Our findings, coupled with evidence from familial
forms of Parkinson's disease, raise the possibility of widespread
involvement of endoplasmic reticulum stress and the unfolded protein
response in the pathophysiology of this disease.
Key words:
Parkinson's disease; 6-hydroxydopamine; endoplasmic
reticulum; unfolded protein response; PERK; CHOP
Copyright © 2002 Society for Neuroscience 0270-6474/02/222410690-09$05.00/0
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