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The Journal of Neuroscience, December 15, 2002, 22(24):10941-10947
Grouping of Spindle Activity during Slow Oscillations in Human
Non-Rapid Eye Movement Sleep
Matthias
Mölle,
Lisa
Marshall,
Steffen
Gais, and
Jan
Born
Institute of Neuroendocrinology, University of Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
Based on findings primarily in cats, the grouping of spindle
activity and fast brain oscillations by slow oscillations during slow-wave sleep (SWS) has been proposed to represent an essential feature in the processing of memories during sleep. We examined whether
a comparable grouping of spindle and fast activity coinciding with slow
oscillations can be found in human SWS. For negative and positive
half-waves of slow oscillations (dominant frequency, 0.7-0.8 Hz)
identified during SWS in humans (n = 13),
wave-triggered averages of root mean square (rms) activity in
the theta (4-8 Hz), alpha (8-12 Hz), spindle (12-15 Hz), and beta
(15-25 Hz) range were formed. Slow positive half-waves were linked to
a pronounced and widespread increase in rms spindle activity, averaging
0.63 ± 0.065 µV (23.4%; p < 0.001, with
reference to baseline) at the midline central electrode (Cz). In
contrast, spindle activity was suppressed during slow negative
half-waves, on average by  0.65 ± 0.06 µV at Cz (22%;
p < 0.001). An increase in spindle activity
400-500 msec after negative half-waves was more than twofold the
increase during slow positive half-waves (p < 0.001). A similar although less pronounced dynamic was observed for
beta activity, but not for alpha and theta frequencies. Discrete
spindles identified during stages 2 and 3 of non-rapid eye movement
(REM) sleep coincided with a discrete slow positive half-wave-like
potential preceded by a pronounced negative half-wave
(p < 0.01). These results provide the first
evidence in humans of grouping of spindle and beta activity during slow
oscillations. They support the concept that phases of cortical
depolarization during slow oscillations, reflected by surface-positive
(depth-negative) field potentials, drive the thalamocortical spindle
activity. The drive is particularly strong during cortical
depolarization, expressed as surface-positive field potentials.
Key words:
slow oscillations; spindle activity; human; sleep; EEG; cortical depolarization
Copyright © 2002 Society for Neuroscience 0270-6474/02/222410941-07$05.00/0
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