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The Journal of Neuroscience, March 1, 2002, 22(5):1874-1882
Colocalized Neuropeptides Activate a Central Pattern Generator by
Acting on Different Circuit Targets
Vatsala
Thirumalai and
Eve
Marder
Volen Center and Biology Department, Brandeis University, Waltham,
Massachusetts 02454-9110
In the presence of descending modulatory inputs, the stomatogastric
ganglion (STG) of the lobster Homarus americanus
generates a triphasic motor pattern, the pyloric rhythm. Red
pigment-concentrating hormone (RPCH) and Cancer borealis
tachykinin-related peptide (CabTRP) are colocalized in a pair of fibers
that project into the neuropil of the STG. When the STG was isolated
from anterior ganglia modulatory inputs, the lateral pyloric (LP) and
pyloric (PY) neurons became silent, whereas the anterior burster (AB) and pyloric dilator (PD) neurons were rhythmically active at a low
frequency. Exogenous application of 10 6
M RPCH activated the LP neuron but not the PY neurons;
106 M CabTRP activated the PY neurons
but not the LP neuron. The actions of RPCH on the LP neuron and CabTRP
on the PY neurons persisted when the rhythmic drive from the PD and AB
neurons was removed, suggesting that the LP and PY neurons are direct
targets for RPCH and CabTRP respectively. Coapplication of
106 M RPCH and
106 M CabTRP elicited triphasic motor
patterns with phase relationships resembling those in a preparation
with modulatory inputs intact. In summary, cotransmitters acting on
different network targets act cooperatively to activate a complete
central pattern-generating circuit.
Key words:
cotransmission; pyloric rhythm; stomatogastric ganglion; lobsters; red pigment-concentrating hormone; Cancer
borealis; tachykinin-related peptide; neuromodulation
Copyright © 2002 Society for Neuroscience 0270-6474/02/2251874-09$05.00/0
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