 |
 Previous Article | Next Article 
The Journal of Neuroscience, April 15, 2002, 22(8):3052-3060
The Cytokine Network of Wallerian Degeneration: Tumor Necrosis
Factor- , Interleukin-1, and Interleukin-1
Shlomit
Shamash,
Fanny
Reichert, and
Shlomo
Rotshenker
Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Hebrew University-Hadassah
Medical School, and The Eric Roland Center for Neurodegenerative
Diseases, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
Wallerian degeneration (WD) is the inflammatory response of the
nervous system to axonal injury, primarily attributable to the
production of cytokines, the mediator molecules of inflammation. We
presently document the involvement of the inflammatory cytokines TNF , interleukin (IL)-1, and IL-1 in peripheral nerve (PNS) injury in C57/BL/6NHSD (C57/BL) mice that display the normal rapid progression of WD (rapid-WD) and C57/BL/6-WLD/OLA/NHSD mice that display abnormal slow progression of WD (slow-WD). TNF and IL-1 mRNAs were expressed, whereas TNF but not IL-1 protein was
synthesized in intact PNS of C57/BL mice. TNF and IL-1 protein
synthesis and secretion were rapidly upregulated during rapid-WD in
Schwann cells. IL-1 mRNA expression and protein synthesis and
secretion were induced sequentially in Schwann cells with a delay after injury. Thereafter, recruited macrophages contributed to the production of TNF, IL-1, and IL-1, which in turn augmented myelin
phagocytosis by macrophages. Observations suggest that TNF and
IL-1 are the first cytokines with protein production that is
upregulated during rapid-WD. TNF and IL-1 may initiate,
therefore, molecular and cellular events in rapid-WD (e.g., the
production of additional cytokines and NGF). TNF, IL-1, and
IL-1 may further regulate, indirectly, macrophage recruitment,
myelin removal, regeneration, and neuropathic pain. In contrast to
rapid-WD, the production of TNF, IL-1, and IL-1 protein was
deficient in slow-WD, although their mRNAs were expressed. mRNA
expression and protein production of TNF, IL-1, and IL-1 were
differentially regulated during rapid-WD and slow-WD, suggesting that
mRNA expression, by itself, is no indication of the functional
involvement of cytokines in WD.
Key words:
TNF; IL-1; IL-1; Wallerian degeneration; regeneration; pain; Schwann cell; fibroblast; macrophage; myelin; phagocytosis
Copyright © 2002 Society for Neuroscience 0270-6474/02/2283052-09$05.00/0
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
|
|
 
X. Liu, L. He, L. Stensaas, B. Dinger, and S. Fidone
Adaptation to chronic hypoxia involves immune cell invasion and increased expression of inflammatory cytokines in rat carotid body
Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol,
February 1, 2009;
296(2):
L158 - L166.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. D. Galvan, S. Luchetti, A. M. Burgos, H. X. Nguyen, M. J. Hooshmand, F. P. T. Hamers, and A. J. Anderson
Deficiency in Complement C1q Improves Histological and Functional Locomotor Outcome after Spinal Cord Injury
J. Neurosci.,
December 17, 2008;
28(51):
13876 - 13888.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
J Ludwig, A Binder, J Steinmann, G Wasner, and R Baron
Cytokine expression in serum and cerebrospinal fluid in non-inflammatory polyneuropathies
J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry,
November 1, 2008;
79(11):
1268 - 1274.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Lopez-Vales, X. Navarro, T. Shimizu, C. Baskakis, G. Kokotos, V. Constantinou-Kokotou, D. Stephens, E. A. Dennis, and S. David
Intracellular phospholipase A2 group IVA and group VIA play important roles in Wallerian degeneration and axon regeneration after peripheral nerve injury
Brain,
October 1, 2008;
131(10):
2620 - 2631.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Boivin, I. Pineau, B. Barrette, M. Filali, N. Vallieres, S. Rivest, and S. Lacroix
Toll-Like Receptor Signaling Is Critical for Wallerian Degeneration and Functional Recovery after Peripheral Nerve Injury
J. Neurosci.,
November 14, 2007;
27(46):
12565 - 12576.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. A. Thacker, A. K. Clark, F. Marchand, and S. B. McMahon
Pathophysiology of Peripheral Neuropathic Pain: Immune Cells and Molecules
Anesth. Analg.,
September 1, 2007;
105(3):
838 - 847.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Chitnis, J. Imitola, Y. Wang, W. Elyaman, P. Chawla, M. Sharuk, K. Raddassi, R. T. Bronson, and S. J. Khoury
Elevated Neuronal Expression of CD200 Protects Wlds Mice from Inflammation-Mediated Neurodegeneration
Am. J. Pathol.,
May 1, 2007;
170(5):
1695 - 1712.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Obata, H. Katsura, J. Sakurai, K. Kobayashi, H. Yamanaka, Y. Dai, T. Fukuoka, and K. Noguchi
Suppression of the p75 Neurotrophin Receptor in Uninjured Sensory Neurons Reduces Neuropathic Pain after Nerve Injury.
J. Neurosci.,
November 15, 2006;
26(46):
11974 - 11986.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
W. M. Campana, X. Li, N. Dragojlovic, J. Janes, A. Gaultier, and S. L. Gonias
The Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein Is a Pro-Survival Receptor in Schwann Cells: Possible Implications in Peripheral Nerve Injury
J. Neurosci.,
October 25, 2006;
26(43):
11197 - 11207.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. Djouhri, S. Koutsikou, X. Fang, S. McMullan, and S. N. Lawson
Spontaneous Pain, Both Neuropathic and Inflammatory, Is Related to Frequency of Spontaneous Firing in Intact C-Fiber Nociceptors
J. Neurosci.,
January 25, 2006;
26(4):
1281 - 1292.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Hall
The response to injury in the peripheral nervous system
J Bone Joint Surg Br,
October 1, 2005;
87-B(10):
1309 - 1319.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. A. Romero-Sandoval, C. McCall, and J. C. Eisenach
{alpha}2-Adrenoceptor Stimulation Transforms Immune Responses in Neuritis and Blocks Neuritis-Induced Pain
J. Neurosci.,
September 28, 2005;
25(39):
8988 - 8994.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. E. Perrin, S. Lacroix, M. Aviles-Trigueros, and S. David
Involvement of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, macrophage inflammatory protein-1{alpha} and interleukin-1{beta} in Wallerian degeneration
Brain,
April 1, 2005;
128(4):
854 - 866.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. R. Jimenez, F. J. Stam, K. W. Li, Y. Gouwenberg, M. P. Hornshaw, F. De Winter, J. Verhaagen, and A. B. Smit
Proteomics of the Injured Rat Sciatic Nerve Reveals Protein Expression Dynamics During Regeneration
Mol. Cell. Proteomics,
February 1, 2005;
4(2):
120 - 132.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Buss, K. Pech, D. Merkler, B. A. Kakulas, D. Martin, J. Schoenen, J. Noth, M. E. Schwab, and G. A. Brook
Sequential loss of myelin proteins during Wallerian degeneration in the human spinal cord
Brain,
February 1, 2005;
128(2):
356 - 364.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Obata, H. Yamanaka, K. Kobayashi, Y. Dai, T. Mizushima, H. Katsura, T. Fukuoka, A. Tokunaga, and K. Noguchi
Role of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Activation in Injured and Intact Primary Afferent Neurons for Mechanical and Heat Hypersensitivity after Spinal Nerve Ligation
J. Neurosci.,
November 10, 2004;
24(45):
10211 - 10222.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Colomar, V. Marty, C. Medina, C. Combe, P. Parnet, and T. Amedee
Maturation and Release of Interleukin-1{beta} by Lipopolysaccharide-primed Mouse Schwann Cells Require the Stimulation of P2X7 Receptors
J. Biol. Chem.,
August 15, 2003;
278(33):
30732 - 30740.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Ma, Y. Shu, Z. Zheng, Y. Chen, H. Yao, K. W. Greenquist, F. A. White, and R. H. LaMotte
Similar Electrophysiological Changes in Axotomized and Neighboring Intact Dorsal Root Ganglion Neurons
J Neurophysiol,
March 1, 2003;
89(3):
1588 - 1602.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Wu, M. Ringkamp, B. B. Murinson, E. M. Pogatzki, T. V. Hartke, H. M. Weerahandi, J. N. Campbell, J. W. Griffin, and R. A. Meyer
Degeneration of Myelinated Efferent Fibers Induces Spontaneous Activity in Uninjured C-Fiber Afferents
J. Neurosci.,
September 1, 2002;
22(17):
7746 - 7753.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
