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The Journal of Neuroscience, May 1, 2002, 22(9):3739-3754
Oscillatory Neuronal Synchronization in Primary Visual Cortex as
a Correlate of Stimulus Selection
Pascal
Fries1, *,
Jan-Hinrich
Schröder2, *,
Pieter R.
Roelfsema3,
Wolf
Singer2, and
Andreas K.
Engel4
1 F. C. Donders Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging,
6525 EK Nijmegen, The Netherlands, 2 Max-Planck-Institute
for Brain Research, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany, 3 Academic
Medical Center, Department of Visual System Analysis/Medical Physics,
1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands, and 4 Research Center
Jülich GmbH, Institute for Medicine, Cellular Neurobiology Group,
52425 Jülich, Germany
Spike and local field potential activity were recorded
simultaneously from multiple sites in primary visual cortex of
strabismic cats, while monocular stimulation alternated with dichoptic
stimulation, inducing interocular rivalry. During interocular rivalry,
there is competition between the two nonfusible stimuli presented to the two eyes, and only one stimulus is selected at any time. We biased
this competition in three different ways: (1) we exploited the
condition that in strabismic cats there is often one dominant eye that
is selected for most of the time. (2) We presented the two stimuli with
a temporal offset, which biases competition in favor of the newly
appearing stimulus. (3) We presented the two stimuli with highly
different contrasts, which biases competition in favor of the stimulus
with higher contrast. Whenever competition was biased in favor of the
stimulus activating the recorded neurons, gamma-frequency
synchronization of the respective responses was enhanced, and vice
versa. Firing rates showed some differences between stimulation
conditions. However, when present, these changes were inversely related
to a competitive advantage of the respective stimulus. We hypothesize
that enhanced gamma-frequency synchronization in primary visual cortex
is a correlate of stimulus selection. Synchronization is likely to be
translated into firing rate changes at later processing stages.
Key words:
synchronization; oscillation; gamma; strabismus; competition; rivalry; selection
*
P.F. and J.-H.S. contributed equally to this work
Copyright © 2002 Society for Neuroscience 0270-6474/02/2293739-16$05.00/0
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