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The Journal of Neuroscience, May 15, 2003, 23(10):4156-4163

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Frequency Modulation of Synchronized Ca²⁺ Spikes in Cultured Hippocampal Networks through G-Protein-Coupled Receptors

Zhijun Liu,^1 * Lin Geng,^1 * Ruxin Li,¹ Xiangping He,¹ James Q. Zheng,² and Zuoping Xie¹

¹Department of Biological Science and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China 100084, and ²Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854

Synchronized spontaneous Ca²⁺ spikes in networked neurons represent periodic burst firing of action potentials, which are believed to play a major role in the development and plasticity of neuronal circuitry. How these network activities are shaped and modulated by extrinsic factors during development, however, remains to be studied. Here we report that synchronized Ca²⁺ spikes among cultured hippocampal neurons can be modulated by two small factors that act on G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs): the neuropeptide PACAP (pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide) and the chemokine SDF-1 (stromal cell-derived factor-1). PACAP effectively increases the frequency of the synchronized Ca²⁺ spikes when applied acutely; the PACAP potentiation of Ca²⁺ spikes requires the activation of the PACAP-specific PAC1 GPCRs and is mediated by the activation of cAMP signaling pathway. SDF-1, on the other hand, significantly reduces the frequency of these Ca²⁺ spikes through the activation of its specific GPCR CXCR4; the inhibitory action of SDF-1 is mediated by the inhibition of cAMP pathway through the G_i component of GPCRs. Taken together, these results demonstrate that synchronized neuronal network activity can be effectively modulated by physiologically and developmentally relevant small factors that act on GPCRs to target the cAMP pathway. Such modulation of neuronal activity through GPCRs may represent a significant mechanism that underlies the neuronal plasticity during neural development and functioning.

Key words: cAMP; neuropeptide; chemokine; synaptic transmission; Ca²⁺ imaging; Ca²⁺ oscillation

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Received Dec. 26, 2002; revised Feb. 24, 2003; accepted Mar. 4, 2003.

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