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The Journal of Neuroscience, July 2, 2003, 23(13):5928-5935

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Energy Contribution of Octanoate to Intact Rat Brain Metabolism Measured by ¹³C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

Douglas Ebert,¹ Ronald G. Haller,^1,2,3 and Marlei E. Walton¹

¹Veterans Affairs North Texas Health Care System, Dallas, Texas 75216, ²Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75235, and ³Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Presbyterian Hospital of Dallas, Dallas, Texas 75231

Glucose is the dominant oxidative fuel for brain, but studies have indicated that fatty acids are used by brain as well. We postulated that fatty acid oxidation in brain could contribute significantly to overall energy usage and account for non-glucose-derived energy production. [2,4,6,8-¹³C₄]octanoate oxidation in intact rats was determined by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. We found that oxidation of ¹³C-octanoate in brain is avid and contributes 20% to total brain oxidative energy production. Labeling patterns of glutamate and glutamine were distinct, and analysis of these metabolites indicated compartmentalized oxidation of octanoate in brain. Examination of liver and blood spectra revealed that label from ¹³C-octanoate was incorporated into glucose and ketones, which enabled calculation of its overall energy contribution to brain metabolism: glucose (predominantly unlabeled) and ¹³C-labeled octanoate can account for the entire oxidative metabolism of brain. Additionally, flux through anaplerotic pathways relative to tricarboxylic acid cycle flux (Y) was calculated to be 0.08 ± 0.039 in brain, indicating that anaplerotic flux is significant and should be considered when assessing brain metabolism. Y was associated with the glutamine synthesis compartment, consistent with the view that anaplerotic flux occurs primarily in astrocytes.

Key words: metabolism; brain; glutamate; glutamine; glucose; NMR; ¹³C spectroscopy

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Received Oct. 10, 2002; revised Mar. 4, 2003; accepted Apr. 18, 2003.

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