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The Journal of Neuroscience, July 23, 2003, 23(16):6475-6479
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BRIEF COMMUNICATION
Functional Specialization within Medial Frontal Cortex of the Anterior Cingulate for Evaluating Effort-Related Decisions
Mark E. Walton,
David M. Bannerman,
Karin Alterescu, and
Matthew F. S. Rushworth
Department of Experimental Psychology, Oxford, OX1 3UD, United
Kingdom
The rat medial frontal cortex (MFC) has been implicated in allowing animals
to work harder to receive larger rewards. However, it is unknown what role the
individual MFC regions [anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and
prelimbic-infralimbic cortex (PL-IL)] play in such decision making. To
investigate this, we trained rats on a T-maze cost-benefit task with two
possible courses of action, shown previously to be affected by complete MFC
lesions. One response involved climbing a 30 cm barrier to obtain a large
quantity of reward (high cost-high reward), whereas the other had a lower
energetic demand but also a smaller reward gain (low cost-low reward). Before
surgery, all animals preferred to select the high cost-high reward option.
However, after excitotoxic ACC lesions, there was a complete reversal of
behavior, with the ACC group selecting the low cost-low reward response on
nearly every trial. In contrast, both control animals and rats with PL-IL
lesions continued to choose to climb the barrier for the larger reward. When
the same rats were tested on a delayed match-to-sample paradigm however, it
was the PL-IL group that was significantly impaired at learning the response
rule, with the performance of ACC rats being comparable with controls. This
double dissociation indicates that the ACC is the important region within the
MFC when evaluating how much effort to expend for a specific reward.
Key words: cingulate cortex; decision making; cost-benefit; effort; prelimbic cortex; reward
Received Mar. 4, 2003;
revised May. 27, 2003;
accepted May. 27, 2003.
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