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The Journal of Neuroscience, July 23, 2003, 23(16):6557-6566
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Two Forms of Synaptic Plasticity with Distinct Dependence on Age, Experience, and NMDA Receptor Subtype in Rat Visual Cortex
Yumiko Yoshimura,1
Tomohisa Ohmura,2 and
Yukio Komatsu1
1Department of Visual Neuroscience, Research
Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601,
Japan, and 2Department of Ophthalmology, Nagoya
University School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
In visual cortex, NMDA receptor (NMDAR) properties depend primarily on NR2A
and NR2B subunits, and NR2 subunit composition changes with age and visual
experience. We examined the roles of these NR2 subunits in activity-dependent
long-term modification of synaptic responses, which were evoked in layer 2/3
cells by stimulation of layer 4 in rat visual cortical slices. We used
theta-burst stimulation (TBS) of presynaptic fibers or low-frequency
stimulation paired with postsynaptic depolarization, which has been commonly
used to induce NMDAR-dependent long-term potentiation (LTP) in visual cortex.
In pyramidal cells, however, TBS produced long-term depression (LTD) at
inhibitory synapses rather than LTP at excitatory synapses. This was observed
in association with LTP of extracellular field potentials that reflect
postsynaptic potentials in a population of cells (field-LTP). This result is
inconsistent with the previous view that field-LTP reflects LTP of excitatory
connections. However, pairing stimulation produced LTP at excitatory synapses
of pyramidal cells frequently during development but rarely in adulthood. In
contrast, inhibitory LTD and field-LTP occurred similarly in both developing
and mature cortex. Experiments using NR2B selective and NR2 subunit
nonselective NMDAR antagonists demonstrated that NR2A- and NR2B-containing
NMDARs contribute selectively to inhibitory LTD-field-LTP and excitatory LTP,
respectively. In addition, we found that the developmental decline in the NR2B
component was paralleled by a decline in the incidence of excitatory LTP, and
these declines were both prevented by dark rearing. These results implicate
NR2 subunit composition in the regulation of neocortical plasticity and
demonstrate differential subunit regulation at inhibitory and excitatory
connections.
Key words: synaptic plasticity; long-term potentiation; long-term depression; NMDA receptor; NR2 subunit; visual cortex; development
Received Apr. 2, 2003;
revised May. 16, 2003;
accepted May. 23, 2003.
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