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The Journal of Neuroscience, July 30, 2003, 23(17):6856-6865
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Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Is Required for the Maintenance of Cortical Dendrites
Jessica A. Gorski,
Steven R. Zeiler,
Susan Tamowski, and
Kevin R. Jones
Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University
of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is thought to be involved in
neuronal survival, migration, morphological and biochemical differentiation,
and modulation of synaptic function in the CNS. In the rodent cortex,
postnatal BDNF expression is initially low but subsequently increases to reach
maximal levels around weaning. Thus, BDNF expression peaks at a time when both
structural and functional maturation of cortical circuitry occurs. Although
the function of BDNF has been probed using many approaches, its requirements
during this phase of life have not previously been examined genetically. To
test the in vivo requirements for BDNF during this important phase of
development we generated early-onset forebrain-specific BDNF mutant
mice. Although these mice undergo forebrain-restricted deletion of
BDNF by Cre-mediated recombination during embryogenesis, they are
healthy, and we did not detect the loss of specific cortical excitatory or
inhibitory neurons. However, the neocortex of 5-week-old mice was thinner,
attributable at least partly to neuronal shrinkage. Importantly, although
visual cortical layer 2/3 neurons in the mutants initially developed normal
dendrite structure, dendritic retraction became apparent by 3 weeks of age.
Thus, our observations suggest that cortically expressed BDNF functions to
support the maintenance of cortical neuron size and dendrite structure rather
than the initial development of these features. This is consistent with a role
for BDNF in stabilizing the "survival" of circuitry during the
phase of activity-dependent reorganization of cortical connectivity.
Key words: BDNF; dendrite; cortex; morphology; Cre-lox; neurotrophin; mouse; mutant
Received Mar. 25, 2003;
revised Jun. 3, 2003;
accepted Jun. 6, 2003.
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