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The Journal of Neuroscience, August 6, 2003, 23(18):7084-7092
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Insulin Receptor Substrate-2 Deficiency Impairs Brain Growth and Promotes Tau Phosphorylation
Markus Schubert,1 *
Derek P. Brazil,1 *
Deborah J. Burks,1 *
Jake A. Kushner,1
Jing Ye,1
Carrie L. Flint,1
Janet Farhang-Fallah,1
Pieter Dikkes,2
Xavier M. Warot,2
Carlos Rio,2
Gabriel Corfas,2 and
Morris F. White1
1Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Joslin Diabetes
Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, and
2Division of Neuroscience, Department of Neurology,
Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
Insulin resistance and diabetes might promote neurodegenerative disease,
but a molecular link between these disorders is unknown. Many factors are
responsible for brain growth, patterning, and survival, including the
insulin-insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-signaling cascades that are mediated
by tyrosine phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate (IRS) proteins. Irs2
signaling mediates peripheral insulin action and pancreatic -cell
function, and its failure causes diabetes in mice. In this study, we reveal
two important roles for Irs2 signaling in the mouse brain. First, disruption
of the Irs2 gene reduced neuronal proliferation during development by 50%,
which dissociated brain growth from Irs1-dependent body growth. Second,
neurofibrillary tangles containing phosphorylated tau accumulated in the
hippocampus of old Irs2 knock-out mice, suggesting that Irs2
signaling is neuroprotective. Thus, dysregulation of the Irs2 branch of the
insulin-Igf-signaling cascade reveals a molecular link between diabetes and
neurodegenerative disease.
Key words: diabetes; insulin receptor substrates; Irs2; growth factors; tau phosphorylation; brain size; neuron survival; Alzheimer's disease
Received Mar. 17, 2003;
revised Apr. 23, 2003;
accepted May. 8, 2003.
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