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The Journal of Neuroscience, August 13, 2003, 23(19):7415-7425
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Freud-1: A Neuronal Calcium-Regulated Repressor of the 5-HT1A Receptor Gene
Xiao-Ming Ou, *
Sylvie Lemonde, *
Hamed Jafar-Nejad,
Christopher D. Bown,
Aya Goto,
Anastasia Rogaeva, and
Paul R. Albert
Ottawa Health Research Institute, Neuroscience, University of Ottawa,
Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1H-8M5
Altered regulation of 5-HT1A receptors is implicated in mood disorders such
as anxiety and major depression. To provide insight into its transcriptional
regulation, we previously identified a novel DNA element [14 bp
5'-repressor element (FRE)] of the 5-HT1A receptor gene that mediates
repression in neuronal and non-neuronal cells
(Ou et al., 2000). We have now
cloned a novel DNA binding protein [five' repressor element under dual
repression binding protein-1 (Freud-1)] that binds to FRE to mediate
repression of the 5-HT1A receptor or heterologous promoters. Freud-1 is
evolutionarily conserved and contains two DM-14 basic repeats, a predicted
helix-loop-helix DNA binding domain, and a protein kinase C conserved region 2
(C2)/calcium-dependent lipid binding (CalB) calcium/phospholipid binding
domain. An intact CalB domain was required for Freud-1-mediated repression. In
serotonergic raphe cells, overexpression of Freud-1 repressed the 5-HT1A
promoter and decreased 5-HT1A receptor protein levels, whereas transfection of
antisense to Freud-1 derepressed the 5-HT1A gene and increased 5-HT1A receptor
protein expression. Calcium-dependent signaling blocked Freud-1-FRE binding
and derepressed the 5-HT1A promoter. Treatment with inhibitors of calmodulin
or CAM-dependent protein kinase reversed calcium-mediated inhibition of
Freud-1. Freud-1 RNA and protein were present in raphe nuclei, hippocampus,
cortex, and hypothalamus, and Freud-1 protein was colocalized with 5-HT1A
receptors, suggesting its importance in regulating 5-HT1A receptors in
vivo. Thus, Freud-1 represents a novel calcium-regulated repressor that
negatively regulates basal 5-HT1A receptor expression in neurons and may play
a role in the altered regulation of 5-HT1A receptors associated with anxiety
or major depression.
Key words: serotonin; transcription; silencer; raphe; autoreceptor; calcium
Received Feb. 26, 2003;
revised Apr. 29, 2003;
accepted May. 1, 2003.
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