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The Journal of Neuroscience, August 27, 2003, 23(21):7776-7782
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Behavioral/Systems/Cognitive
Transient Activation of Superior Prefrontal Cortex during Inhibition of Cognitive Set
Seiki Konishi,
Koji Jimura,
Tomoki Asari, and
Yasushi Miyashita
Department of Physiology, The University of Tokyo School of Medicine,
Tokyo 113, Japan
The prefrontal cortex implements a set-shifting function that includes
inhibition of a previously acquired cognitive set. The impairment of the
inhibitory function results in perseverative behavior that forms one
characteristic feature of frontal lobe dysfunction. Previous neuroimaging
studies have revealed inhibitory mechanisms in the inferior prefrontal cortex.
The present functional magnetic resonance imaging study devised
"dual-match" stimuli in a set-shifting paradigm that allowed us to
temporally isolate the inhibitory processes recruited during exposure to a
previously acquired set. Transient activation time-locked to the isolated
inhibition was revealed in the left middle frontal gyrus near the superior
frontal sulcus. In a control experiment conducted after subjects had been
informed and made aware of the exposure, however, the superior prefrontal
activation disappeared, and prominent activation was revealed in a set of
brain regions that included the left posterior inferior frontal sulcus. These
double dissociation results indicate inhibitory mechanisms in the superior
prefrontal cortex, alternative to the inferior prefrontal ones, that are
activated depending on the subjects' strategy for inhibition of cognitive
set.
Key words: prefrontal; fMRI; set; shifting; inhibition; human
Received April 9, 2003;
revised July 7, 2003;
accepted July 7, 2003.
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