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The Journal of Neuroscience, August 27, 2003, 23(21):7839-7843
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BRIEF COMMUNICATION
Cingulate Hypoactivity in Cocaine Users During a GO-NOGO Task as Revealed by Event-Related Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Jacqueline N. Kaufman,1
Thomas J. Ross,1
Elliot A. Stein,1 and
Hugh Garavan1,2
1Medical College of Wisconsin, Department of
Psychiatry, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, and 2Trinity
College, Department of Psychology and Institute of Neuroscience, Dublin 2,
Ireland
Although extensive evidence exists for the reinforcing properties of drugs
of abuse such as cocaine, relatively less research has addressed the
functional neuroanatomical correlates of the cognitive sequelae of these
drugs. We present a functional magnetic resonance imaging study of a GO-NOGO
task in which successful performance required prepotent behaviors to be
inhibited. Significant cingulate, pre-supplementary motor and insula
hypoactivity was observed for both successful NOGOs and errors of commission
in chronic cocaine users relative to cocaine-naive controls. This attenuated
response, in the presence of comparable activation levels in other
task-related cortical areas, suggests cortical and psychological specificity
in the locus of drug abuse-related cognitive dysfunction. The results suggest
that addiction may be accompanied by a disruption of brain structures critical
for the higher-order, cognitive control of behavior.
Key words: inhibitory control; cocaine; fMRI; anterior cingulate; GO-NOGO; addiction
Received March 11, 2003;
revised June 9, 2003;
accepted June 12, 2003.
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