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The Journal of Neuroscience, August 27, 2003, 23(21):7844-7853
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Activity of Different Classes of Neurons of the Motor Cortex during Postural Corrections
Irina N. Beloozerova,2,3 Mikhail G. Sirota,2,3 Harvey A. Swadlow,2 Grigori N. Orlovsky,1 Lioudmila B. Popova,4 andTatiana G. Deliagina1 1Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden, 2Department of Psychology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, 3Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona 85013, and 4A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow 119 899, Russia
The dorsal side-up body orientation in quadrupeds is maintained by a postural system that is driven by sensory feedback signals. The spinal cord, brainstem, and cerebellum play essential roles in postural control, whereas the role of the forebrain is unclear. In the present study we investigated whether the motor cortex is involved in maintenance of the dorsal side-up body orientation. We recorded activity of neurons in the motor cortex in awake rabbits while animals maintained balance on a platform periodically tilting in the frontal plane. The tilts evoked postural corrections, i.e., extension of the limbs on the side moving down and flexion on the opposite side. Because of these limb movements, rabbits maintained body orientation close to the dorsal side up. Four classes of efferent neurons were studied: descending corticofugal neurons of layer V (CF5s), those of layer VI (CF6s), corticocortical neurons with ipsilateral projection (CCIs), and those with contralateral projection (CCCs). One class of inhibitory interneurons [suspected inhibitory neurons (SINs)] was also investigated. CF5 neurons and SINs were strongly active during postural corrections. In most of these neurons, a clear-cut modulation of discharge in the rhythm of tilting was observed. This finding suggests that the motor cortex is involved in postural control. In contrast to CF5 neurons, other classes of efferent neurons (CCI, CCC, CF6) were much less active during postural corrections. This suggests that corticocortical interactions, both within a hemisphere (mediated by CCIs) and between hemispheres (mediated by CCCs), as well as corticothalamic interactions via CF6 neurons are not essential for motor coordination during postural corrections.
Key words: posture; motor cortex; efferent neurons; interneurons; sensory motor integration; rabbit
Received March 19, 2003; revised June 13, 2003; accepted June 16, 2003.
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