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The Journal of Neuroscience, September 3, 2003, 23(22):8135-8142

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Motion Parallax Is Computed in the Updating of Human Spatial Memory

W. Pieter Medendorp,^1,2,5 Douglas B. Tweed,^1,2,4 and J. Douglas Crawford^1,2,3

¹Canadian Institutes of Health Research Group for Action and Perception, ²York Centre for Vision Research, and ³Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M3J 1P3, ⁴Departments of Physiology and Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 1A8, and ⁵Nijmegen Institute for Cognition and Information and FC Donders Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, University of Nijmegen, NL 6500 HE, Nijmegen, The Netherlands

As we move through space, stationary objects around us show motion parallax: their directions relative to us change at different rates, depending on their distance. Does the brain incorporate parallax when it updates its stored representations of space? We had subjects fixate a distant target and then we flashed lights, at different distances, onto the retinal periphery. Subjects translated sideways while keeping their gaze on the distant target, and then they looked to the remembered location of the flash. Their responses corrected almost perfectly for parallax: they turned their eyes farther for nearer targets, in the predicted nonlinear patterns. Computer simulations suggest a neural mechanism in which feedback about self-motion updates remembered locations of objects within an internal map of three-dimensional visual space.

Key words: motion parallax; remapping; spatial perception; translations; three-dimensional; human; spatial memory; spatial updating

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Received Feb 11, 2003; revised June 13, 2003; accepted June 24, 2003.

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