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The Journal of Neuroscience, October 8, 2003, 23(27):9046-9058
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Cellular/Molecular
Mechanisms of Mitochondria-Neurofilament Interactions
O. I. Wagner,1
J. Lifshitz,2
P. A. Janmey,1
M. Linden,3
T. K. McIntosh,2 and
J.-F. Leterrier3
1Institute for Medicine and Engineering, Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6383, 2Head Injury Center, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6316, and 3Unité Mixte de Recherche 6658 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Groupe de Biologie des Interactions Cellulaires, Poitiers University, 86022 Poitiers, France
Mitochondria are localized to regions of the cell where ATP consumption is high and are dispersed according to changes in local energy needs. In addition to motion directed by molecular motors, mitochondrial distribution in neuronal cells appears to depend on the docking of mitochondria to microtubules and neurofilaments. We examined interactions between mitochondria and neurofilaments using fluorescence microscopy, dynamic light scattering, atomic force microscopy, and sedimentation assays. Mitochondria-neurofilament interactions depend on mitochondrial membrane potential, as revealed by staining with a membrane potential sensitive dye (JC-1) in the presence of substrates/ADP or uncouplers (valinomycin/carbonyl cyanide p-(trifluoromethoxy)phenylhydrazone) and are affected by the phosphorylation status of neurofilaments and neurofilament sidearms. Antibodies against the neurofilament heavy subunit disrupt binding between mitochondria and neurofilaments, and isolated neurofilament sidearms alone interact with mitochondria, suggesting that they mediate the interactions between the two structures. These data suggest that specific and regulated mitochondrial-neurofilament interactions occur in situ and may contribute to the dynamic distribution of these organelles within the cytoplasm of neurons.
Key words: neurofilament-phosphorylation; neurofilament-sidearms; axonal organelle motility; atomic force microscopy; JC-1; dynamic light scattering
Received May 21, 2003;
revised July 25, 2003;
accepted July 31, 2003.
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