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Previous Article | Next Article
The Journal of Neuroscience, February 1, 2003, 23(3):986
Evidence from Functional Neuroimaging of a Compensatory Prefrontal Network in Alzheimer's Disease
Cheryl L. Grady1, 2, 3, Anthony R. McIntosh1, 2, Sania Beig1, Michelle L. Keightley1, Hana Burian1, and Sandra E. Black1, 4 1 Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Center for Geriatric Care, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M6A 2E1, and Departments of 2 Psychology and 3 Psychiatry, and 4 Cognitive Neurology Unit and Research Program in Aging, Sunnybrook and Women's College Health Sciences Centre, and Department of Medicine (Neurology), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8
Previous experiments have found that individuals with Alzheimer's disease (AD) show increased activity in prefrontal regions compared with healthy age-matched controls during cognitive tasks. This has been interpreted as compensatory reallocation of cognitive resources, but direct evidence for a facilitating effect on performance has been lacking. To address this we measured neural activity during semantic and episodic memory tasks in mildly demented AD patients and healthy elderly controls. Controls recruited a left hemisphere network of regions, including prefrontal and temporal cortices in both the semantic and episodic tasks. Patients engaged a unique network involving bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal and posterior cortices. Critically, activity in this network of regions was correlated with better performance on both the semantic and episodic tasks in the patients. This provides the most direct evidence to date that AD patients can use additional neural resources in prefrontal cortex, presumably those mediating executive functions, to compensate for losses attributable to the degenerative process of the disease.
Key words: semantic memory; episodic memory; dementia; vision; neuroimaging; positron emission tomography; frontal lobe
Copyright © 2003 Society for Neuroscience 0270-6474/03/233986-08$05.00/0
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