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The Journal of Neuroscience, November 19, 2003, 23(33):10495-10502
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Behavioral/Systems/Cognitive
Dopamine and Octopamine Differentiate between Aversive and Appetitive Olfactory Memories in Drosophila
Martin Schwaerzel,1 Maria Monastirioti,2 Henrike Scholz,1 Florence Friggi-Grelin,3 Serge Birman,3 andMartin Heisenberg1 1Lehrstuhl für Genetik und Neurobiologie, Biozentrum, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany, 2Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology, 71110 Heraklion, Greece, and 3Developmental Biology Institute of Marseille, F-13288 Marseille Cedex 9, France.
The catecholamines play a major role in the regulation of behavior. Here we investigate, in the fly Drosophila melanogaster, the role of dopamine and octopamine (the presumed arthropod homolog of norepinephrine) during the formation of appetitive and aversive olfactory memories. We find that for the formation of both types of memories, cAMP signaling is necessary and sufficient within the same subpopulation of mushroom-body intrinsic neurons. On the other hand, memory formation can be distinguished by the requirement for different catecholamines, dopamine for aversive and octopamine for appetitive conditioning. Our results suggest that in associative conditioning, different memories are formed of the same odor under different circumstances, and that they are linked to the respective motivational systems by their specific modulatory pathways.
Key words: learning and memory; dopamine; octopamine; reinforcement; Drosophila; memory trace; synaptic plasticity
Received Aug 10, 2003; revised September 16, 2003; accepted September 23, 2003.
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