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The Journal of Neuroscience, November 26, 2003, 23(34):10832-10840
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Cellular/Molecular
CaV1.3 Channels Are Essential for Development and Presynaptic Activity of Cochlear Inner Hair Cells
Andreas Brandt,1 Joerg Striessnig,2 andTobias Moser1 1Department of Otolaryngology, Goettingen University Medical School, 37075 Goettingen, Germany, and 2Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
Cochlear inner hair cells (IHCs) release neurotransmitter onto afferent auditory nerve fibers in response to sound stimulation. During early development, afferent synaptic transmission is triggered by spontaneous Ca2+ spikes of IHCs, which are under efferent cholinergic control. Around the onset of hearing, large-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels are acquired, and Ca2+ spikes as well as the cholinergic innervation are lost.
Here, we performed patch-clamp measurements in IHCs of mice lacking the CaV1.3 channel (CaV1.3-/-) to investigate the role of this prevailing voltage-gated Ca2+ channel in IHC development and synaptic function. The small Ca2+ current remaining in IHCs from 3-week-old CaV1.3-/- mice was mainly mediated by L-type Ca2+ channels, because it was sensitive to dihydropyridines but resistant to inhibitors of non-L-type Ca2+ channels such as
-conotoxins GVIA and MVIIC and SNX-482. Depolarization induced only marginal exocytosis in CaV1.3-/- IHC, which was solely mediated by L-type Ca2+ channels, whereas robust exocytic responses were elicited by photolysis of caged Ca2+. Secretion triggered by short depolarizations was reduced proportionally to the Ca2+ current, suggesting that the coupling of the remaining channels to exocytosis was unchanged.
CaV1.3-/- IHCs lacked the Ca2+ action potentials and displayed a complex developmental failure. Most strikingly, we observed a continued presence of efferent cholinergic synaptic transmission and a lack of functional large-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels up to 4 weeks after birth. We conclude that CaV1.3 channels are essential for normal hair cell development and synaptic transmission.
Key words: calcium channel; hair cell; afferent; efferent; BK channel; development
Received July 16, 2003; revised September 29, 2003; accepted September 29, 2003.
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