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The Journal of Neuroscience, February 15, 2003, 23(4):1109

BRIEF COMMUNICATION
Central Modulatory Neurons Control Fuel Selection in Flight Muscle of Migratory Locust

Tim Mentel¹, Carsten Duch¹, Heike Stypa², Gerhard Wegener², Uli Müller¹, and Hans-Joachim Pflüger¹

¹ Institute of Biology/Neurobiology, Free University Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany, and ² Institute of Zoology, Department of Molecular Physiology, Johannes-Gutenberg University, 55099 Mainz, Germany

Insect flight is one of the most intense and energy-demanding physiological activities. High carbohydrate oxidation rates are necessary for take-off, but, to spare the limited carbohydrate reserves, long-distance flyers, such as locusts, soon switch to lipid as the main fuel. We demonstrate that before a flight, locust muscles are metabolically poised for take-off by the release of octopamine from central modulatory dorsal unpaired median (DUM) neurons, which increases the levels of the potent glycolytic activator fructose 2,6-bisphosphate in flight muscle. Because DUM neurons innervating the flight muscles are active during rest but selectively inhibited during flight, they stimulate carbohydrate catabolism during take-off but tend to decrease muscle glycolysis during prolonged flight. cAMP-dependent protein kinase A is necessary but not sufficient for signal transduction, suggesting parallel control via a calcium-dependent pathway. Locust flight is the first reported instance of a direct and specific involvement of neuronal activity in the control of muscle glycolysis in working muscle during exercise.

Key words: insect; octopamine; metabolism; motor behavior; glycolysis; neuromuscular system; modulation

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Copyright © 2003 Society for Neuroscience  0270-6474/03/2341109-05$05.00/0

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