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The Journal of Neuroscience, February 15, 2003, 23(4):1329
Bulk Membrane Retrieval in the Synaptic Terminal of Retinal
Bipolar Cells
Matthew
Holt,
Anne
Cooke,
Minnie M.
Wu, and
Leon
Lagnado
Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge
CB2 2QH, United Kingdom
The mechanism of bulk membrane uptake at the synapse remains poorly
defined, although exocytosis of synaptic vesicles is followed by
compensatory membrane retrieval into both small vesicles and large
cisternas or vacuoles. We investigated bulk retrieval in the
presynaptic terminal of retinal bipolar cells. Fluorescence imaging of
the membrane dye FM1-43 indicated that
Ca2+-triggered exocytosis was followed by
endocytosis into small vesicles and larger vacuoles that could be
selectively labeled using large fluorescent dextrans. Disruption of
actin filaments with cytochalasin D or latrunculin B inhibited the
formation and transport of vacuoles, but exocytosis and endocytosis
continued at normal rates. Bulk retrieval was linked to remodeling of
the actin network, and both processes were inhibited by
2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one, an inhibitor of
phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase). The regulation of
F-actin dynamics by Ca2+ and PI 3-kinase therefore
played an important role in compensatory endocytosis at this synapse,
but this role was confined to bulk membrane uptake. Capacitance
measurements demonstrated that fast endocytosis and refilling of the
rapidly releasable pool of vesicles were not dependent on F-actin or PI
3-kinase activity. The basic properties of bulk membrane retrieval at
this synapse were very similar to macropinocytosis described in
non-neural cells. Bulk retrieval did not play an essential role in
maintaining the vesicle cycle during maintained stimulation, but we
suggest that it may play a role in the structural plasticity of this
synaptic terminal.
Key words:
synapse; endocytosis; macropinocytosis; actin; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; calcium
Copyright © 2003 Society for Neuroscience 0270-6474/03/2341329-11$05.00/0
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