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The Journal of Neuroscience, March 15, 2003, 23(6):2333
Estrogen Stimulates Postsynaptic Density-95 Rapid Protein
Synthesis via the Akt/Protein Kinase B Pathway
Keith T.
Akama and
Bruce S.
McEwen
Harold and Margaret Milliken Hatch Laboratory of
Neuroendocrinology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York
10021-6399
Estrogens induce synaptogenesis in the CA1 region of the dorsal
hippocampus during the estrous cycle of the female rat. Functional consequences of such estrogen-mediated synaptogenesis include cyclic
changes in neurotransmission and memory. At the molecular level,
estrogen stimulates the rapid activation of specific signal transduction pathways, and of particular interest is the activation of
Akt (protein kinase B), a key signal transduction intermediate that
initiates protein translation by alleviating the downstream translational repression of eukaryotic initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 (4E-BP1). Using a well established in vitro
model system of differentiated NG108-15 neurons to investigate such
rapid signaling effects of estrogen, we show that estrogen stimulates
the phosphorylation of Akt, an indication of kinase activation, as well
as the phosphorylation of 4E-BP1. In turn, the activation of these
signaling intermediates suggests a non-genomic mechanism by which
estrogen might likewise lead to protein translation of
dendrite-localized mRNA transcripts in the hippocampus in
vivo. We therefore considered the translation of the dendritic
spine scaffolding protein postsynaptic density-95 (PSD-95). Although
estrogen does not stimulate a rapid increase in PSD-95 mRNA levels in
NG108-15 neurons, we show here that estrogen does however stimulate a
rapid increase in PSD-95 new protein synthesis in vitro
and that this new protein synthesis is Akt dependent. These results
demonstrate an essential role for Akt in estrogen-stimulated dendritic
spine protein expression, describe for the first time a signal
transduction pathway in PSD-95 expression, and delineate a novel,
molecular mechanism by which ovarian hormones might translationally
regulate synaptogenesis via activating protein synthesis for dendritic function.
Key words:
estrogen; hippocampus; synaptogenesis; dendritic
spine; protein translation; local protein synthesis; signal
transduction; eIF4E-BP1
Copyright © 2003 Society for Neuroscience 0270-6474/03/2362333-07$05.00/0
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