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The Journal of Neuroscience, May 1, 2003, 23(9):3623
Scaffolding of Fyn Kinase to the NMDA Receptor Determines Brain
Region Sensitivity to Ethanol
Rami
Yaka,
Khanhky
Phamluong, and
Dorit
Ron
Ernest Gallo Research Center and the Department of Neurology,
University of California San Francisco, Emeryville, California 94608
Alcohol (ethanol) abuse is a major societal problem. Although
ethanol is a structurally simple, diffusible molecule, its sites of
action are surprisingly selective, and the molecular mechanisms underlying specificity in ethanol actions are not understood. The NMDA
receptor channel is one of the main targets for ethanol in the brain.
We report here that the brain region-specific compartmentalization of
Fyn kinase determines NMDA receptor sensitivity to ethanol. We
demonstrate that, in the hippocampus but not in the cerebral cortex,
Fyn is targeted to the NR2B subunit of the NMDA receptor by the
scaffolding protein RACK1. During acute exposure to ethanol, RACK1 is dissociated from the complex, thereby facilitating
Fyn-mediated phosphorylation of NR2B, which enhances channel activity,
counteracting the inhibitory actions of ethanol. In this way, the
selective scaffolding can account for the ethanol-induced acute
tolerance of NMDA receptor activity that is detected in the hippocampus but not in the cerebral cortex. The phosphorylation-dependent, region-specific activities of ethanol on the NMDA receptor provide a
compelling molecular explanation that accounts for the selective activities of ethanol and may have important implications for elucidating pathways leading to alcohol addiction.
Key words:
ethanol; NMDA; RACK1; Fyn; tyrosine
phosphorylation; scaffolding proteins
Copyright © 2003 Society for Neuroscience 0270-6474/03/2393623-10$05.00/0
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