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The Journal of Neuroscience, May 1, 2003, 23(9):3855

Neural Correlates of Competing Fear Behaviors Evoked by an Innately Aversive Stimulus

Raymond Mongeau¹, Gabriel A. Miller¹, Elizabeth Chiang¹, and David J. Anderson^{1, 2}

¹ Division of Biology and ² Howard Hughes Medical Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125

Environment and experience influence defensive behaviors, but the neural circuits mediating such effects are not well understood. We describe a new experimental model in which either flight or freezing reactions can be elicited from mice by innately aversive ultrasound. Flight and freezing are negatively correlated, suggesting a competition between fear motor systems. An unfamiliar environment or a previous aversive event, moreover, can alter the balance between these behaviors. To identify potential circuits controlling this competition, global activity patterns in the whole brain were surveyed in an unbiased manner by c-fos in situ hybridization, using novel experimental and analytical methods. Mice predominantly displaying freezing behavior had preferential neural activity in the lateral septum ventral and several medial and periventricular hypothalamic nuclei, whereas mice predominantly displaying flight had more activity in cortical, amygdalar, and striatal motor areas, the dorsolateral posterior zone of the hypothalamus, and the vertical limb of the diagonal band. These complementary patterns of c-fos induction, taken together with known connections between these structures, suggest ways in which the brain may mediate the balance between these opponent defensive behaviors.

Key words: defense behaviors; ultrasound; C56Bl6 mice; anxiety; flight behavior; freezing behavior; septum; hypothalamus; pedunculopontine tegmentum; diagonal band; cingulate cortex; motor cortex; retrosplenial cortex; accumbens; caudate putamen; amygdala

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Copyright © 2003 Society for Neuroscience  0270-6474/03/2393855-14$05.00/0

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