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The Journal of Neuroscience, May 1, 2003, 23(9):3899
Differential Role of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase in Three
Distinct Phases of Memory for Sensitization in Aplysia
Shiv K.
Sharma1,
Carolyn M.
Sherff1,
Justin
Shobe1,
Martha W.
Bagnall1,
Michael A.
Sutton1, and
Thomas J.
Carew1, 2
1 Department of Neurobiology and Behavior and
2 Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory,
University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697
The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway has been
implicated recently in synaptic plasticity and memory. Here we used
tail shock-induced sensitization of the tail-elicited siphon withdrawal reflex in Aplysia to examine the role
of MAPK in three different phases of memory. We show that a specific
pattern of serotonin (5-HT) application that produces
intermediate-term and long-term synaptic facilitation (ITF and LTF,
respectively) of the sensory-motor (SN-MN) synapses in
Aplysia leads to sustained activation of extracellular
signal-regulated kinase in the ventrocaudal cluster sensory neurons
(SNs), which include the tail SNs. Furthermore, repeated tail shocks
that induce intermediate-term and long-term memory (ITM and LTM,
respectively) for sensitization also lead to sustained MAPK activation
in the SNs. Given these results, we next examined the requirement of
MAPK activity in (1) SN-MN synaptic facilitation and (2) memory for
sensitization in Aplysia, by inhibiting MEK, the
upstream kinase that phosphorylates and activates MAPK. In cellular
experiments, we show that MAPK activity is required for ITF of tail
SN-tail MN synapses, and, in parallel behavioral experiments, we show
that ITM requires MAPK activity for its induction but not its
expression. In contrast, short-term memory for sensitization does not
require MAPK activity. Finally, 5-HT-induced LTF has been shown
previously to require MAPK activity. Here we show that LTM for
sensitization also requires MAPK activity. These results provide
evidence that MAPK plays important roles specifically in long-lasting
phases of synaptic plasticity and memory.
Key words:
synaptic facilitation; sensitization; learning; memory; MAP kinase; ERK
Copyright © 2003 Society for Neuroscience 0270-6474/03/2393899-09$05.00/0
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