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The Journal of Neuroscience, March 24, 2004, 24(12):3125-3135; doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0090-04.2004

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Cellular/Molecular
Action Potential-Independent Release of Glutamate by Ca²⁺ Entry through Presynaptic P2X Receptors Elicits Postsynaptic Firing in the Brainstem Autonomic Network

Eiji Shigetomi and Fusao Kato

Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Department of Neuroscience, Jikei University School of Medicine, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan

P2X receptors are ATP-gated channels permeable to cations including Ca²⁺. In acute slices containing the nucleus of the solitary tract, in which neuronal ATP release and ATP-elicited physiological responses are demonstrated in vivo, we recorded spontaneous action potential-independent EPSCs [miniature EPSCs (mEPSCs)]. Activation of presynaptic P2X receptors with ,-methylene ATP (mATP) triggered Ca²⁺-dependent glutamate release that was resistant to blockade of voltage-dependent calcium channels but abolished by P2X receptor antagonists. mEPSCs elicited with mATP were of larger amplitude than basal mEPSCs and resulted in postsynaptic firing caused by temporal summation of miniature events. The large-amplitude mEPSCs provoked by mATP were likely to result from highly synchronized multivesicular release of glutamate at single release sites. Neither mATP nor ATP facilitated GABA release. We conclude that this facilitated release and consequent postsynaptic firing underlie the profound autonomic responses to activation of P2X receptors observed in vivo.

Key words: ATP; purinergic receptors; P2X receptors; presynaptic ligand-gated channels; EPSCs; miniature EPSCs; glutamate release; patch-clamp technique; brainstem slice preparation; nucleus of the solitary tract

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Received Nov 18, 2003; revised February 3, 2004; accepted February 3, 2004.

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