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The Journal of Neuroscience, April 7, 2004, 24(14):3574-3582; doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5361-03.2004

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Behavioral/Systems/Cognitive
Reduction of Single-Neuron Firing Uncertainty by Cortical Ensembles during Motor Skill Learning

Dana Cohen¹ and Miguel A. L. Nicolelis^1,2,3,4

¹Department of Neurobiology and ²Center for Neuroengineering, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, ³Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, and ⁴Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27710

Motor skill learning is usually characterized by shortening of response time and performance of faster, more stereotypical movements. However, little is known about the changes in neural activity that underlie these behavioral changes. Here we used chronically implanted electrode arrays to record neuronal activity in the rat primary motor cortex (MI) as animals learned to execute movements in two directions. Strong modulation of MI single-neuron activity was observed while movement duration of the animal decreased. Despite many learning-induced changes, the precision with which single neurons fire did not improve with learning. Hence, prediction of movement direction from single neurons was bounded. In contrast, prediction of movement direction using neuronal ensembles improved significantly with learning, suggesting that, with practice, neuronal ensembles learn to overcome the uncertainty introduced by single-neuron stochastic activity.

Key words: extracellular; motor cortex; movement; motion; motor activity; chronic recording; skill learning; neural variability

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Received Dec 4, 2003; revised February 23, 2004; accepted February 25, 2004.

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