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The Journal of Neuroscience, April 14, 2004, 24(15):3777-3785; doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0413-04.2004

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Cellular/Molecular
Motoneuron Resistance to Apoptotic Cell Death In Vivo Correlates with the Ratio between X-Linked Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins (XIAPs) and Its Inhibitor, XIAP-Associated Factor 1

Daniel Perrelet,¹ Florence E. Perrin,¹ Peter Liston,^2,4 Robert G. Korneluk,^2,4 Alex MacKenzie,³ Marcel Ferrer-Alcon,¹ and Ann C. Kato¹

¹Division of Clinical Neuromuscular Research and Department of Anesthésiologie, Pharmacologie et Soins Intensifs de Chirurgie, Faculty of Medicine, Centre Médical Universitaire, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland, ²Molecular Genetics Research Laboratory and ³Molecular Genetics Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario K1H8L1, Canada, and ⁴Aegera Therapeutics Inc., Ottawa, Ontario K1H8L1, Canada

Apoptotic cell death occurs in motoneurons in the neonate but not in the adult after a lesion of a peripheral nerve. To investigate the molecular basis for this difference, we have analyzed the expression and localization of inhibitors of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) and their inhibitors X-linked IAP (XIAP)-associated factor 1 (XAF1), Smac/DIABLO, and Omi/HtrA2 in motoneurons at both ages. Quantitative immunohistochemical and immunoblotting analysis of these proteins in motoneurons revealed an increase in IAP expression [XIAP, neuronal apoptosis inhibitory protein, human IAP1 (HIAP1), and HIAP2] during postnatal development as opposed to XAF1, which decreased during the same period; there was no significant alteration in either Smac/DIABO or Omi/HtrA2. The regulation of IAPs and XAF1 varied after axotomy of the sciatic nerve; in the neonate, there was a significant loss of IAP in the injured motoneurons as opposed to the adult, in which there was only a moderate decrease. By overexpressing exogenous IAPs in neonatal axotomized motoneurons, it was possible to delay motoneuron cell death (Perrelet et al., 2000, 2002). In opposition, the overexpression of exogenous XAF1 in adult motoneurons totally abrogated the natural resistance of these cells to axotomy. The degradation in the adult, induced by XAF1, could be overcome by simultaneously expressing high levels of exogenous XIAP in adult motoneurons. These experiments suggest that it may be the ratio between XAF1 and XIAP that confers the resistance of adult motoneurons to axotomy. In addition, the regulation in the levels of IAPs and XAF1 may be essential in the cell death mechanism of injured motoneurons.

Key words: motoneurons; axotomy; IAPs; XAF1; apoptosis; rat

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Received July 22, 2003; revised March 1, 2004; accepted March 1, 2004.

This article has been cited by other articles:

				V. Arora, H. H. Cheung, S. Plenchette, O. C. Micali, P. Liston, and R. G. Korneluk Degradation of Survivin by the X-linked Inhibitor of Apoptosis (XIAP)-XAF1 Complex J. Biol. Chem., September 7, 2007; 282(36): 26202 - 26209. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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				F. E. Perrin, G. Boisset, M. Docquier, O. Schaad, P. Descombes, and A. C. Kato No widespread induction of cell death genes occurs in pure motoneurons in an amyotrophic lateral sclerosis mouse model Hum. Mol. Genet., November 1, 2005; 14(21): 3309 - 3320. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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