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The Journal of Neuroscience, April 14, 2004, 24(15):3862-3869; doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5296-03.2004
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Development/Plasticity/Repair
The Repulsive Guidance Molecule RGMa Is Involved in the Formation of Afferent Connections in the Dentate Gyrus
Henriette Brinks,1,2 *
Sabine Conrad,4 *
Johannes Vogt,2 *
Judit Oldekamp,3 *
Ana Sierra,5 *
Lutz Deitinghoff,7
Ingo Bechmann,2
Gonzalo Alvarez-Bolado,3
Bernd Heimrich,2,8
Philippe P. Monnier,6
Bernhard K. Mueller,7 and
Thomas Skutella1,4
1Neuroscience Research Center and 2Center for Anatomy, Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité Central Campus, 10098 Berlin, Germany, 3Max-Planck-Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, 30625 Hannover, Germany, 4Institute of Anatomy, Department of Experimental Embryology, Tissue Engineering Division, and 5Department of Ophthalmology, University of Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany, 6Toronto Western Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, N5T 258 Canada, 7CNS Research, Abbott GmbH and Company KG, 67061 Ludwigshafen, Germany, and 8Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
In the developing dentate gyrus, afferent fiber projections terminate in distinct laminas. This relies on an accurately regulated spatiotemporal network of guidance molecules. Here, we have analyzed the functional role of the glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored repulsive guidance molecule RGMa. In situ hybridization in embryonic and postnatal brain showed expression of RGMa in the cornu ammonis and hilus of the hippocampus. In the dentate gyrus, RGM immunostaining was confined to the inner molecular layer, whereas the outer molecular layers targeted by entorhinal fibers remained free. To test the repulsive capacity of RGMa, different setups were used: the stripe and explant outgrowth assays with recombinant RGMa, and entorhinohippocampal cocultures incubated either with a neutralizing RGMa antibody (Ab) or with the GPI anchor-digesting drug phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C. Entorhinal axons were clearly repelled by RGMa in the stripe and outgrowth assays. After disrupting the RGMa function, the specific laminar termination pattern in entorhinohippocampal cocultures was lost, and entorhinal axons entered inappropriate hippocampal areas. Our data indicate an important role of RGMa for the layer-specific termination of the perforant pathway as a repulsive signal that compels entorhinal fibers to stay in their correct target zone.
Key words: axon; dentate; development; guidance; hippocampus; neuron
Received Dec 1, 2003;
revised February 17, 2004;
accepted February 18, 2004.
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