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The Journal of Neuroscience, April 28, 2004, 24(17):4172-4180; doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0624-04.2004
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Behavioral/Systems/Cognitive
Functional-Neuroanatomic Correlates of Recollection: Implications for Models of Recognition Memory
Itamar Kahn,1,2 Lila Davachi,3 andAnthony D. Wagner1 1Department of Psychology and Neurosciences Program, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-2130, 2Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, and 3Department of Psychology, New York University, New York, New York 10003
Recognition decisions can be based on familiarity, the sense that an item was encountered previously (item memory), and on recollection, the conscious recovery of contextual information surrounding a previous encounter with the item (e.g., source memory). Recognition with recollection is thought to depend on multiple mechanisms, including prefrontal "control" processes that guide retrieval and recapitulation mechanisms that reactivate posterior neocortical representations that were present at encoding. However, uncertainty remains regarding the precise nature of prefrontal contributions to recollection and the selectivity of recapitulation to veridical recollection. The present event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging study sought to examine whether regions showing "old-new" effects support processes sensitive to recollection success or recollection attempt and whether recapitulation of neocortical representations emerge during veridical recollection as well as during false recognition (i.e., false alarms) or whether false recognition resembles familiarity-based responding. Results revealed that multiple left prefrontal cortical regions were engaged during attempts to recollect previous contextual (source) details, regardless of the nature of the to-be-recollected details and of source recollection outcome (successful vs unsuccessful). Recapitulation effects were observed in regions sensitive to the encoding task, suggesting that veridical recollection entails the reactivation of processes or representations present during encoding. Importantly, in contrast to leading models of recognition memory, false alarms also appeared to be based partially on recollection, as revealed through false recapitulation effects. Implications for neural and cognitive models of recognition are considered.
Key words: episodic memory; explicit memory; declarative memory; prefrontal cortex; recapitulation; neuroimaging
Received Jan 9, 2004; revised March 18, 2004; accepted March 21, 2004.
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