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The Journal of Neuroscience, May 12, 2004, 24(19):4683-4691; doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5265-03.2004
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Cellular/Molecular
Mechanism of Activity-Dependent Downregulation of the Neuron-Specific K-Cl Cotransporter KCC2
Claudio Rivera,1,2
Juha Voipio,1
Judith Thomas-Crusells,2
Hong Li,1,2
Zsuzsa Emri,1
Sampsa Sipilä,1
John A. Payne,3
Liliana Minichiello,4
Mart Saarma,2 and
Kai Kaila1
1Department of Biosciences and 2Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FIN-00014 Finland, 3Department of Human Physiology, University of California School of Medicine, Davis, California 95616, and 4European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 00016 Monterotondo, Italy
GABA-mediated fast-hyperpolarizing inhibition depends on extrusion of chloride by the neuron-specific K-Cl cotransporter, KCC2. Here we show that sustained interictal-like activity in hippocampal slices downregulates KCC2 mRNA and protein expression in CA1 pyramidal neurons, which leads to a reduced capacity for neuronal Cl- extrusion. This effect is mediated by endogenous BDNF acting on tyrosine receptor kinase B (TrkB), with down-stream cascades involving both Shc/FRS-2 (src homology 2 domain containing transforming protein/FGF receptor substrate 2) and PLC (phospholipase C )-cAMP response element-binding protein signaling. The plasmalemmal KCC2 has a very high rate of turnover, with a time frame that suggests a novel role for changes in KCC2 expression in diverse manifestations of neuronal plasticity. A downregulation of KCC2 may be a general early response involved in various kinds of neuronal trauma.
Key words: BDNF; neurotrophic factors; intracellular chloride; activity-dependent gene expression; GABAergic transmission; epilepsy
Received Nov 28, 2003;
revised April 7, 2004;
accepted April 7, 2004.
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