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The Journal of Neuroscience, May 19, 2004, 24(20):4787-4795; doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5491-03.2004

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Behavioral/Systems/Cognitive
Memory Reconsolidation and Extinction Have Distinct Temporal and Biochemical Signatures

Akinobu Suzuki,¹ Sheena A. Josselyn,^3,4 Paul W. Frankland,^3,4 Shoichi Masushige,^1,2 Alcino J. Silva,⁴ and Satoshi Kida^1,2

Departments of ¹Agricultural Chemistry and ²Bioscience, Faculty of Applied Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan, ³Department of Integrative Biology, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1X8, and ⁴Departments of Neurobiology, Psychology, and Psychiatry and Brain Research Institute, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095-1761

Memory retrieval is not a passive phenomenon. Instead, it triggers a number of processes that either reinforce or alter stored information. Retrieval is thought to activate a second memory consolidation cascade (reconsolidation) that requires protein synthesis. Here, we show that the temporal dynamics of memory reconsolidation are dependent on the strength and age of the memory, such that younger and weaker memories are more easily reconsolidated than older and stronger memories. We also report that reconsolidation and extinction, two opposing processes triggered by memory retrieval, have distinct biochemical signatures: pharmacological antagonism of either cannabinoid receptor 1 or L-type voltage-gated calcium channels blocks extinction but not reconsolidation. These studies demonstrate the dynamic nature of memory processing after retrieval and represent a first step toward a molecular dissection of underlying mechanisms.

Key words: consolidation; reconsolidation; extinction; fear conditioning; spatial memory; protein synthesis

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Received Dec 16, 2003; revised April 12, 2004; accepted April 12, 2004.

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