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The Journal of Neuroscience, June 30, 2004, 24(26):6011-6020; doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1389-04.2004
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Behavioral/Systems/Cognitive
Whisker Vibration Information Carried by Rat Barrel Cortex Neurons
Ehsan Arabzadeh,1 Stefano Panzeri,2 andMathew E. Diamond1 1Cognitive Neuroscience Sector, International School for Advanced Studies, 34014 Trieste, Italy, and 2Departments of Optometry and Neuroscience, University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology, Manchester M60 1QD, United Kingdom
Rats can make extremely fine texture discriminations by "whisking" their vibrissa across the surface of an object. We have investigated one hypothesis for the neuronal basis of texture representation by measuring how clusters of neurons in the barrel cortex of anesthetized rats encode the kinetic features of sinusoidal whisker vibrations. Mutual information analyses of spike counts led to a number of findings. Information about vibration kinetics became available as early as 6 msec after stimulus onset and reached a peak at
20-30 msec. Vibration speed, proportional to the product of vibration amplitude (A) and frequency (f), was the kinetic property most reliably reported by cortical neurons. Indeed, by measuring information when the complete stimulus set was collapsed into feature-defined groups, we found that neurons reduced the dimensionality of the stimulus from two features (A, f) to a single feature, the product Af. Moreover, because different neurons encode stimuli in the same manner, information loss was negligible even when the activity of separate neuronal clusters was pooled. This suggests a decoding scheme whereby target neurons could capture all available information simply by summating the signals from separate barrel cortex neurons. These results indicate that neuronal population activity provides sufficient information to allow nearly perfect discrimination of two vibrations, based on their deflection speeds, within a time scale comparable with that of a single whisking motion across a surface.
Key words: information; barrel; cortex; texture; coding; vibrissa
Received April 13, 2004; revised May 4, 2004; accepted May 19, 2004.
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